Imagem de destino: Origens, Desenvolvimentos e Implicações
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2011.09.027Palavras-chave:
gestion Turistica, marketing, imagem de marca, imagem de destinos turísticosResumo
Nas últimas décadas, o turismo tornou-se um dos principais sectores da economia global, não só pela sua contribuição para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) de diferentes países, mas também pelo emprego que gera. Desde 2009, no entanto, os resultados do turismo têm sido severamente afetados pela crise econômica e financeira e agora é essencial analisar os elementos-chave do comportamento do consumidor turístico. Neste contexto, a imagem que um destino transmite ao mercado torna-se um dos elementos que mais influenciam os turistas na escolha de um destino turístico. Por conseguinte, os autores procuram identificar os principais elementos que caracterizam a imagem de um destino turístico, bem como as suas implicações para a gestão dos destinos turísticos.
Downloads
Referências
Aaker, D.A. 1991 Managing brand equity: capitalizing on the value of a brand name, The Free Press, NY. Aaker, D.A. 1996 Criando e administrando marcas de sucesso, Futura, São Paulo.
Aaker, D.A. & Joachimsthaler, E. 2000 Brand leadership: Building assets in the information society, Free Press, NY.
Ahsen, A. 1977 Eidetics: An overview, Journal of Mental Imagery, 1 (1), 5-38.
Alhemoud, A.M. & Armstrong, E.G. 1996 Image of tourism attractions in Kuwait, Journal of
Travel Research, Spring, 24-27.
Anand, P., Holbrook, M.B. & Stephens, D. 1988 The formation of affective judgements: the Cognitive-Affective Model versus the independence hypothesis, Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 386-391.
Ashworth, G.J. & Goodall, B. 1988 Tourist images: Marketing Considerations, Marketing in the tourism industry – the promotion of destination regions, B. Goodall & G. Ashworth (Eds.), Routhlegde, UK, 213-237.
Avenarius, H. 1993 Introduction: Image and public relations practice, Journal of Public Relations Research, 5 (2), 65-70.
Beerli, A. & Martín, J.D. 2004 Tourists’ characteristics and the perceived image of tourist destination: a quantitative analysis - A case study of Lanzarote, Spain, Tourism Manage- ment, 25, 623-636.
Bigné, E., Sánchez, M.I. & Sánchez, J. 2001 Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship, Tourism Management, 22, 607-616.
Baloglu, S. & Brinberg, D. 1997 Affective images of tourism destination, Journal of Travel Research, 35 (4), 11-15. Baloglu, S. & McCleary, K.W. 1999a A model of destination image formation, Annals of Tourism Research, 35 (4), 11-15.
Baloglu, S. & McCleary, K.W. 1999b US international pleasure travellers’’ images of four Mediterranean destinations: a comparison of visitors and nonvisitors, Journal of Travel Research, 38 (2), 114-129. Baüerle, R.
Meaning, use and interpretation, De Gruyter, Berlin.
Beerli, A. & Martín, J.D. 2004 Tourists’ characteristics and the perceived image of tourist destinations: a quantitative analysis – A case study of Lanzarote, Spain, Tourism Management, 25, 623-636.
Bonn, M.A., Joseph, S.M. & Dai, M. 2005 International versus Domestic Visitors: An Examination of Destination Image Perceptions, Journal of Travel Research, 43 (3), 294-301.
Buhalis, D. 2000 Marketing the competitive destination of the future, Tourism Management, 21 (1), 97-116.
Capriotti, V.P. 1992 La imagen de empresa, El Ateneo, Barcelona.
Chen, P.J. & Kerstetter, D.L. 1999 International student’s image of rural of Pennsyl- vania as a travel destination, Journal of Travel Re- search, 37, 256-266.
Chen, C.F & Tsai, D.G. 2007 How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28 (4), 1115-1122.
Chon, K-S. 1991 Tourism destination image modification process. Marketing implications, Tourism Management, 12 (1), 68-72.
Cohen, D. 1982 Publicidad comercial, Diana, México.
Costa, J. 1987 Image global, CEAC, Barcelona.
Crompton, J.L. 1979 Motivations for Pleasure Vacations, Annals of Tourism Research, 6 (4), 408-424.
Dobni, D. & Zinkhan, G.M. 1990 In search of brand image: a foundation analysis, Advances in Consumer Research, 17, 110-119. Echtner,
C.M. & Ritchie, J.R.B. 1991 The measuring and measurement of destination image, The Journal of Tourism Studies, 2 (2), 2-12.
Echtner, C.M. & Ritchie, J.R.B. 1993 The measurement of destination image: an em- pirical assessment, Journal of Travel Research, 31 (4), 3-13.
Fakaye, P.C. & Crompton, J.L. 1991 Image differences between prospective, first-time and repeat visitors to the lower Rio Grande valley, Journal of Travel Research, 30 (2), 10-16.
Ferreira, S.D., Rial, A. & Varela, J. 2009 Post Hoc Tourist Segmentation with Conjoint and Cluster Analysis, Pasos, Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 7 (3), 491-501.
Rial, A., Ferreira, S.D. & Varela, J. 2009 Análise Conjunta: Uma Aplicação Ao Estudo das Preferências dos Consumidores, Portuguese Journal of Marketing, 25.
Firmino, N., Santos, S. & Carneiro, J.M. 2006 A importância das características socio-demográficas dos visitantes enquanto determinantes da via- gem dos destinos turísticos: O caso de Aveiro, Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 5, 41-52.
Gallarza, M., Gil, I. & Calderón, H. 2002 Destination image. Towards a conceptual framework, Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (1), 56-78.
Gallarza, M.G., Saura, I. G. & García, H. C. 2002 Destination image: towards a conceptual framework, Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 56-78.
García, A. 2002 Una propuesta metodológica para le medición de la Imagen de Marca, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Tesis Doctoral no publicada.
Gartner, W.C. 1989 Temporal influence on image change, Annals of Tourism Research, 13, 635-644.
Gartner, W.C. 1993 Image formation process, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2 (2/3), 191, 215. Gartner, W.C. 1996 Tourism Development. Principles, Process and Policies, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Goodrich, J.N. 1978 A new approach to image analysis through Multidimensional Scaling, Journal of Travel Research 17 (2), 2-7.
Govers, R. & Go, F. 2003 Deconstructing destination image in the information age, Information Technology and Tourism, 6 (1), 13-29.
Govers, R. & Go, F. 2005 Projected destination online: Website content analysis of picture and text, Information Technology and Tourism, 7 (2), 1-18.
Govers, R., Go, F.M. & Kumar, K. 2007 Promoting Tourism Destination Image, Journal of Travel Research, 46 (1), 15-23.
Greenwald, A.G. & Leavitt, C. 1984 Audience involvement in advertising: Four levels, Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 581-592.
Gunn, C.A. 1972 Vacationscape: Designing Tourist Regions, Taylor & Francis, Washington. Gunn, C.A.
Vacationscape: Designing Tourist Regions (2nd Ed.), Van Nostrand, NY.
Holbrook, M.B. 1978 Beyond attitude structure: toward the informational determinants of attitude, Journal of Marketing Research, 15, 545-556.
Hunt, J.D. 1975 Image as a factor in tourism development, Journal of Travel Research, 13, 1-7.
Kapferer, J.N. 1991 As Marcas, Capital da Empresa, CETOP, Portugal.
Kapferer, J.N. 1997 Strategic Brand Management, Kogan Page, UK.
Keller, K.L. 1993 Conceptualizing, measuring and managing customer-based brand equity, Journal of Marketing, 57 (January), 1-22.
Kotler, N., Haider, D.H. & Rein, I. 1994 Mercadotecnia de localidades, Diana, México.
Laws, E., Scott, N. & Parfitt, N. 2002 Synergies in destination image management. A case study and conceptualization, The international Journal of Tourism Research, 4 (1), 39-55.
Lawson, F. & Baud Bovy, M. 1977 Tourism and recreational development, Architectural press, London.
Lim, K. & O’Cass, A. 2001 Consumer brand classifications: an assessment of culture-of-origin versus country-of-origin, Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10 (2), 120-136.
Lin, C-H., Duarte, B., Kerstetter, D.L. & Hou, J-S. 2007 Examining the Role of Cognitive and Affective Image in Predicting Choice Across Natural, Developed, and Theme-Park Destinations, Journal of Travel Research, 46, 183-194.
Lubbe, B. 1998 Primary Image as a Dimension of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment, Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 7 (4), 21-43.
Mansfeld, Y. 1992 From motivation to actual marketing, Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 399-419.
Marken, G.A. 1994 Corporate image – we all have one, but few work to protect and project it. Public Relations Quaterly, Winter.
Mayo, E.J. 1973 Regional images and regional travel behavior, Proceedings of the Travel Research Association Conference, 211-218.
Mazursky, D. & Jacoby, J. 1986 Exploring the development of store images, Journal of Retailing, 62 (2), 145-165.
McInnis, D.J. & Price, L.L. 1987 The role of imagery in information processing: review and extension, Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 473-491.
Milman, A. & Pizan, A. 1995 The role of awereness and familiarity with a destination: the Central Florida case, Journal of Travel Research, 33 (3), 21-27.
Moutinho, L. 1987 Consumer behaviour in tourism, European Jour- nal of Marketing, 21 (10), 5-44.
Murphy, L., Moscardo, G. & Benckendorff, P. 2007 Using Brand Personality to Differentiate Regional
Tourism Destinations, Journal of Travel Research, 46 (1), 5-14.
Paivio, A. 1971 Imagery and verbal processes, Holt, Rinehard & Winston, NY.
Pearce, P.L. 1982 Perceived changes in holiday destinations, Annals of Tourism Research, 9 (2), 145-164.
Phelps, A. 1986 Holiday destination image: the problem of assessment, Tourism Management, 7 (3), 168-180.
Reynolds, T.J. & Guttman, J. 1984 Advertising is image management, Journal of Advertising Research, 24, 27-37.
Rial, A., Varela, J., Braña, T. & Lévy, J.P. 2000 El valor de la marca a partir de su relación con el consumidor, Psicothema, 12 (2), 247-254.
Rial, A., Varela, J. & García. A. 2008 Una aplicación metodológica para el estudio de la imagen de marca de un destino turístico, Pasos – Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 6 (1), 1-10.
Ross, G.F. 1993 Ideal and actual images of backpacker visitors to Northern Australia, Journal of Travel Research, 21 (3), 54-57.
Russel, J.A. & Prat, G. 1980 A description of affective quality attributed to environment, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 311-322.
Ryan, C. e Cove, J. 2007 Structuring Destination Image: A Qualitative Approach, Journal of Travel Research, 44 (2), 143-150.
San Martín, H. & Rodríguez, I.A. 2008 Exploring the cognitive–affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation, Tourism Management, 29 (2), 263-277.
Sanz de la Tajada, L.A. (1996). Auditoria de la imagen de empresa. Métodos y técnicas de estudio de la imagen, Síntesis, Madrid.
Schneider, L. & Sönmez, S. 1999 Exploring the tourist image of Jordan, Tourism Management, 20, 539-542. Sönmez, S. & Sirikaya, E. 2002 A distorted Destination Image? The case of Turkey, Journal of Travel Research, 41 (2), 185-196.
Stabler, W.J. 1995 The image of destination regions: theoretical and empirical aspects, Marketing in the Tourism Industry: the Promotion of Destination Regions, Goodall,
B. & Ashworth, G., 133-161, Croom Helm, London. Stern, E. & Krakover, S. 1993 The formation of a composite urban image, Geo- graphical Analysis, 25 (2), 130-146.
Tasci, A.D. (2007). Assessment of factors influencing destination image using a multiple regression mo- del, Tourism Review, 62 (2), 23-30.
Tasci, A.D. & Gartner, W.A. 2007 Destination Image and Its Functional Relation- ships, Journal of Travel Research, 45 (4), 413-425.
Tocquer, G. e Zins, M. 2004 Marketing do Turismo, Instituto Piaget, Portugal.
UNWTO 2008 Tourism 2020 Vision forecasts, World Tourism Or- ganization.
Valls, J.F. 1992 La imagen de marca de los países, McGraw-Hill, Madrid.
Vasudan, T. & Standing, C. 1999 Web Technology Diffusion and Service Offerings by Travel Agencies, International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii.
Walmsley, D.J. & Young, M. 1998 Evaluative images and tourism: the use of perceptual constructs to describe the structure of destination images, Journal of Travel Research, 36 (3), 65-69.
Wang, Y. & Fesenmaier, D. 2005 Identifying the success factors of web-based marketing strategy: An investigation of convention and visitors bureaus in the United States, Journal of Travel Research, 43 (3), 1-11.
Woodside, A.G. & Lysonski, S. 1989 A General Model of Traveler Destination Choice, Journal of Travel Research, 27 (4), 8-14
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Confirmo que o trabalho é original (de minha/nossa autoria), e que não será submetido a outras revistas ou publicações até a resolução final do processo de revisão em PASOS, RTPC.
Autorizo a publicação do meu trabalho por PASOS, PSTN de acesso livre e aberto em qualquer dos formatos que considere oportuno, por tempo indeterminado e como colaboração não remunerada.
Da mesma forma, o(s) autor(es) entende(m) que o trabalho publicado pode ser vinculado ou depositado em qualquer servidor ou incluído em outras publicações (republicação), desde que o novo local e/ou a nova edição façam referência à publicação original e reconheçam a autoria e propriedade de direitos autorais das publicações PASOS RTPC.
Os autores entendem que uma verificação de plágio autoplágio será realizada, e o artigo poderá ser removido a qualquer momento do fluxo editorial.
