Taxation as a stimulus for sustainability in mature tourist destinations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2022.20.047Keywords:
Tourist taxation, willingness-to-pay, Mature destinations, Sustainable tourism, Mass tourism, AndalusiaAbstract
The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of demand in mature tourist destinations by grouping tourists into homogeneous segments or subgroups, identifying for each of these segments which socio-demographic variables and characteristics of the trip explain their willingness to pay both for a more sustainable destination as well as for an improvement in the tourist experience at the destination. The study is carried out in Andalusia home to a series of unsustainable mature mass-tourism destinations. To achieve the proposed objective, 1,068 surveys have been carried out at the main exit points of the Andalusian region and a two-stage cluster technique used to identify for each segment which variables explain its WTP. Five clusters have been identified, with the variables type of companions, length of stay, origin and daily budget ofe greatest discriminating power in the formation of said clusters.
Downloads
References
Aguiló, E., Alegre, J. and Sard, M. (2005). “The persistence of the sun and sand tourism model”, Tourism Management, 26, 219–231.
Arcury, T.A., Scollay, S.J. and Johnson, T.P. (1987). “Sex diferences in environmental concern and knowledge: The case of acid rain”, Sex Roles, 16, 463–472.
Alves, B., Benavente, J. and Ferreira, O. (2014). “Beach users’ profile, perceptions and willingness to pay for beach management in Cadiz (SW Spain)”, Journal of Coastal Research, 70, 521–526.
Baddeley, M.C. (2004). “Are tourists willing to pay for aesthetic quality? An empirical assessment from Krabi Province, Thailand”, Journal of Tourism Economics, 10, 45–61.
Barroso, C., Martín, E. and Martín, D. (2007). “The influence of market heterogeneity on the relationship between a destination’s image and tourists’ future behaviour”, Tourism Management, 28, 175–187.
Batle, J. (2020). ¿Cómo será el turismo que vendrá? Recuperado de https://theconversation.com/como-sera-el-turismo-que-vendra-144756
di Benedetto, C. A. and Bojanic, D. (1993). “Tourism Area Life Cycles”, Annals of Tourism Research 20, 557–570.
Benner, M. (2020). “The Decline of Tourist Destinations: An Evolutionary Perspective on Overtourism”, Sustainability, 12, 3653.
Bigné, J.E., Mattila, A.S. and Andreu, L. (2008). “The impact of experiential consumption cognitions and emotions on behavioral intentions”, Journal of Services Marketing, 22(4), 303-315.
Birdir, S., Ünal, Ö., Birdir, K. and Williams, A.T. (2013). “Willingness to pay as an economic instrument for coastal tourism management: cases from Mersin, Turkey”, Tourism Management,.36, 279–283.
Bowker, J.M., Cordell, H.K. and Johnson, C.Y. (1999). “User fees for recreation service on public lands: A national assessment”, Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 17(3), 1–14.
Bramwell, B. (1994). “Rural tourism and sustainable rural tourism”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2, 1–6.
Bramwell, B., Higham, J., Lane, B. and Miller, G. (2017). “Twenty-five years of sustainable tourism and the Journal of Sustainable Tourism: looking back and moving forward”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(1), 1–9.
Brandão, F., Breda, Z. and Costa, C. (2019). “Innovation and internationalization as development strategies for coastal tourism destinations: The role of organizational networks”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, 219–230.
Briassoulis, H. (2002). “Sustainable Tourism and the Question of the Commons”, Annals of Tourism Research, 29, 1065–1085.
Butler, R. (1980). “The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of resources”, Canadian Geographer, 24, 5–12.
Cetin, G., Alrawadieh, Z., Dincer, M.Z., Istanbullu Dincer, F. and Ioannides, D. (2017). “Willingness to Pay for Tourist Tax in Destinations: Empirical Evidence from Istanbul”, Economies, 5–21.
Chapman, A. and Light, D. (2016). “Exploring the tourist destination as a mosaic: The alternative lifecycles of the seaside amusement arcade sector in Britain”, Tourism Management, 52, 254–263.
Chase, L.C., Lee, D.R., Shulze, W.D. and Anderson, D.J. (1998). “Ecotourism demand and differential pricing of national park accessin Costa Rica”, Land Economics, 74(4), 466–482.
Cheung, L.T. and Jim, C.Y. (2014). “Expectations and willingness to pay for ecotourism services in Hong Kong’s conservation areas”, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 21, 149–159.
Chiu, T., Fang, D., Chen, J., Wang, Y. and Jeris, C. (2001). “A robust and scalable clustering algorithm for mixed type attributes in large database environment”. Paper presented at International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, San Francisco, U.S.A., 263–268.
Choong-Ki, L., Mjelde, J.W., Kim, T.K., Lee, E. and Choi, Y. (2019). “Willingness-to-pay for whale tour attributes using a choice experiment”, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(6), 606–617.
Cisneros-Martínez, J.D. and Fernández-Morales, A. (2013). “Cultural tourism as tourist segment for reducing seasonality in a coastal area: the case study of Andalusia”, Current Issues in Tourism, 18(8), 765–784.
Daniere, A.G. and Takahashi, L.M. (1999). “Environmental behavior in Bangkok, Thailand: A portrait of attitudes, values and behavior”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47, 552–557.
Davis, D. and Tisdell, C. (1998). “Tourist levies and willingness-to-pay for a whale shark experience”, Tourism Economics, 5(2),161–174.
De Cantis, S. and Ferrante, M. (2011). “The probabilities of selection of first and second stage units in the Time Location Sampling (TLS) design on incoming tourism in Sicily and Sardinia”, en V. Asero, R. D’Agata and V. Tomaselli (Eds.), Turisti per caso? Il turismo sul territorio: motivazioni e comportamenti di spesa, Roma, Bonanno editore, 27–34.
Dolnicar, S. (2008). “Market segmentation in tourism”, en A. Woodside and D. Martin (Eds.), Tourism Management, Analysis, Behaviour and Strategy, Cambridge, CAB International, 129–150.
Drius, M., Bongiorni, L., Depellegrin, D., Menegon, S., Pugnetti, A. and Stifter, S. (2019). “Tackling challenges for Mediterranean sustainable coastal tourism: An ecosystem service perspective”, The Science of the Total Environment, 652:1302–1317.
Edwards, P. (2009). “Sustainable financing for ocean and coastal management in Jamaica: The potential for revenues from tourist user fees”, Marine Policy, 33, 376–385.
European Commission (2003). Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Basic orientations for the sustainability of European tourism. Commission of the European Communities, COM, Brussels. 716 final.
European Commission (2007). Communication from the Commission: Agenda for a sustainable and competitive European tourism. Commission of the European Communities, COM, Brussels. 621 final.
Frochot, I. (2005). “A benefit segmentation of tourists in rural areas: a Scottish perspective”, Tourism Management, 26, 335–346.
Garrod, B. and Fyall, A. (2000). “Managing heritage tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 682–708.
Getz, D. (1992). “Tourism Planning and Destination Lifecycle”, Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 752–770.
Gago, A., Labandeira, X., Picos, F. and Rodríguez, M. (2009). “Specific and general taxation of tourism activities. Evidence from Spain”, Tourism Management, 30(3), 381–392.
González, O. and Santos, L. (2003). “Características del consumidor en la búsqueda de perfiles latentes de la respuesta del mercado: Aplicación a la selección de establecimiento minorista”, Revista Española de Investigación de Marketing, 37–58.
Gooroochurn, N. and Sinclair, M.T. (2003). The Welfare Effects of Tourism Taxation. University of Nottingham: Tourism and Travel Research Institute.
Gooroochurn, N. and Sinclair, M.T. (2005). “Economics of Tourism Taxation: Evidence from Mauritius”, Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 478–798.
Gunter, B. and Furnham, A. (1992). Consumer profiles: An introduction to psychographics, London: Routledge.
Halkos, G. and Matsiori, S. (2012). “Determinants of willingness to pay for coastal zone quality improvement”, Journal of Socio-Economics, 41, 391–399.
Healy, R. (1994). “The ‘‘Common Pool’’ Problem in Tourism Landscapes”, Annals of Tourism Research, 21, 596–611.
IECA – Instituto de Estadística y Cartografía de Andalucía- (2020). Encuesta de coyuntura turística de Andalucía. Recuperado de https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/institutodeestadisticaycartografia/badea/informe/anual?CodOper=b3_271&idNode=8181
Kostakis, I., & Sardianou, E. (2011). “Which factors affect the willingness of tourists to pay for renewable energy?”. Paper presented at of the World Renewable Energy Congress, Linköping, Sweden, 8–13 May, 2578–2585.
Kozak, M. and Martin, D. (2012). “Tourism life cycle and sustainability analysis: profit-focused strategies for mature destinations”, Tourism Management, 33, 188–194.
Laarman, J.G. and Gregersen, H.M. (1996). “Pricing policy in nature-based tourism”, Tourism Management, 17(4), 247–254.
Lee, C.K. (1997). “Valuation of nature-based tourism resources using dichotomous choice contingent valuation method”, Tourism Management, 18, 587–591.
Lee, S.H. and Sparks, B. (2007). “Cultural influences on travel lifestyle: A comparison of Korean Australians and Koreans in Korea”, Tourism Management, 28(2), 505–518.
Levin, N. and Zahavi, J. (2001). “Predictive Modeling using segmentation, Journal of Interactive Marketing”, 15(2), 2–22.
Litvin, S., Crotts, J., Blackwell, C. and Styles, A. (2006). “Expenditures of Accommodations Tax Revenue: A South Carolina Study”, Journal of Travel Research, 45, 150–157.
Liu, J., Liu, N., Zhang, Y., Qu, Z. and Yu, J. (2019). “Evaluation of the non-use value of beach tourism resources: A case study of Qingdao coastal scenic area, China”, Ocean and Coastal Management, 168, 63–71.
Logar, I. (2010). “Sustainable tourism management in Crikvenica, Croatia: An assessment of policy instruments”, Tourism Management, 125–135.
López-Sánchez, Y. and Pulido-Fernández, J.I. (2014). “Factores determinantes de la disposición a pagar por un destino más sostenible. El caso de la costa del sol occidental”, Cuadernos de Turismo, 33,199–231.
López-Sánchez, Y. and Pulido-Fernández, J.I. (2017). “Factors influencing the willingness to pay for sustainable tourism. a case of mass tourism destinations”, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(3), 262–275.
Mansourian, S. and Dudley, N. (2008). Public Funds to Protected Areas, Gland: WWF International.
Mazzocchi, Ch., Sali, G. and Ruggeri, G. (2019). “Tourists’ Preferences for Alpine Pastures Maintenance”, Landscape Online, 68, 1–18.
Meethan, K. (1998). “New Tourism for Old? Policy Developments in Cornwall and Devon”, Tourism Management, 19, 583–593.
Mgxekwa, B., Scholtz, M. and Saayman, M. (2018). “A typology of memorable experience at Nelson Mandela heritage sites”, Journal of Heritage Tourism, 14(4), 325–339.
Mok, C. and Iverson, T. (2000). “Expenditure-based segmentation: Taiwanese tourists to Guam”, Tourism Management, 21(3), 299–305.
More, T. A. and Stevens, T. (2000). “Do user fees exclude low-income people from resource-based recreation?”, Journal of Leisure Research, 32(9), 341–357.
Navarro, E., Damian, I.M. and Fernández, A. (2013). “Carrying capacity model applied in coastal destinations”, Annals of Tourism Research, 43, 1–19.
Nickerson, N.P., Jorgenson, J. and Boley, B.B. (2016). “Are sustainable tourists a higher spending market?”, Tourism Management, 54, 170–177.
Palmer, T. and Riera, A. (2003). “Tourism and environment taxes. With special reference to the Balearic ecotax”, Tourism Management, 24, 665–674.
Pearce, P.L. (1993). Fundamentals of tourist motivation, en D. G. Pearce and R.W. Butler (Eds.), Tourism research: Critiques and challenges, London: Routledge, 113–134.
Pérez, C. (2011). Técnicas de segmentación. Conceptos, herramientas y aplicaciones, Madrid: Gaceta Grupo Editorial.
Ponjan, P. and Thirawat, N. (2016). “Impacts of Thailand’s tourism tax cut: A CGE analysis, Annals of Tourism Research”, 61(8), 45–62.
Pulido-Fernández, J.I. and López-Sánchez, Y. (2013). “Regeneration of mature coastal tourism destinations. Three case studies in Spain”, en T. Mihalič and W. Gartner (Eds), Tourism and developments. Issues and challenges, New York: Nova Science Publishers, 303–334.
Pulido-Fernández, J.I. and López-Sánchez, Y. (2016). “Are Tourists Really Willing to Pay More for Sustainable Destinations?”, Sustainability, 8(12), 1240.
Pulido-Fernández, J.I. and Sánchez-Rivero, M. (2010). “Attitudes of the cultural tourist: a latent segmentation approach”, Journal of Cultural Economics, 34, 111–129.
Punzo, L.F. (2004). “Sostenibilidad del turismo y desarrollo económico local: El caso de la región Toscana”, Cuaderno Virtual de Turismo. 4(1), 8–27.
Quiroga, I. (1990). “Characteristics of package tourists in Europe”, Annals of Tourism Research, 17(2), 185–207.
Ramires, A., Brandao, F. and Sousa, A.C. (2018). “Motivation-based cluster analysis of international tourists visiting a World Heritage city: The case of Porto”, Portugal, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 8, 49–60.
Reynisdottir, M., Song, H. and Agrusa, J. (2008). “Willingness to pay entrance fees to natural attractions: an Icelandic case study”, Tourism Management, 29,1076–1083.
Ritchie, J.B. (1999). “Policy Formulation at the Tourism/Environment Interface: Insights and Recommendations from the Banff-Bow Valley Study”, Journal of Travel Research, 38 (2), 100–110.
Ritchie, J.B. and Crouch, G.I. (2003). The competitive destination: a sustainable tourism perspective, Oxon: CABI.
Rose, G.M., Kahle, L.R. and Shoham, A. (1995). “The influence of employment-status and personal values on time related food consumption behaviour and opinion leadership”, Advances in Consumer Research, 22, 367–372.
Schroeder, H. W. and Louviere, J. (1999). “Stated choice models for predicting the impact of user fees at public recreation sites”, Journal of Leisure Research, 31(3), 300–324.
Schuhmann, P., Skeete, R., Waite, R., Lorde, T., Bangwayo-Skeete, P., Oxenford, H., Gill, D., Moore, W. and Spencer, F. (2019). “Visitors’ willingness to pay marine conservation fees in Barbados”, Tourism Management, 71, 315–326.
Seetaram, N., Song, H., Ye, S. and Page, S. (2018). “Estimating willingness to pay air passenger duty”, Annals of Tourism Research, 72, 85–97.
Smith, W. (1956). “Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies”, Journal of Marketing, 21, 3–8.
Thong, B. Q., Le Van Chon, N.M.T. and Nhan, P.T. (2018). “Application of important-performance analysis and segmentation analysis in heritage tourism: The case of the special national heritage of central office for south Vietnam”, Journal of Tourism Research, 20, 46–59.
United Nations (2020). La COVID-19 y la transformación del turismo. Recuperado de https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/policy_brief_covid-19_and_transforming_tourism_spanish.pdf
Uysal, M. and Hagan, L. (1993). Motivations of pleasure travel and tourism, en M. Khan, M. Olsen and T. Var (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of hospitality and tourism, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 798-810.
U.N.W.T.O. – World Tourism Organization- (2021). UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statiscal Annex, World Tourism Organization, 19(1), 1–42. Recuperado de https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2021.19.1.1
Van Liere, K.D. and Dunlap, R.E. (1980). “The social bases of environmental concern: Areview of hypotheses, explanations and empirical evidence”, Public Opinion Quarterly, 44, 181–197.
Witt, B. (2019). “Tourists’Willingness to Pay Increased Entrance Fees at Mexican Protected Areas: A Multi-Site Contingent Valuation Study, Sustainability”, 11(11), 3041.
Young, J., Kyle, G., Petrick, J. and Absher, J. (2011). “Fairness of prices, user fee policy and willingness to pay among visitors to a national forest”, Tourism Management, 32, 1038–1046.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, José Luis Durán Román, Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García, Isabel Carrillo-Hidalgo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
I confirm that the work is original (of my/our authorship), and that it will not be submitted to other journals or publications until the final resolution of the review process in PASOS, RTPC.
I authorize the publication of my work by PASOS, PSTN of free and open access in any of the formats that I deem appropriate, for an indefinite period of time and as a non-remunerated collaboration.
Likewise, the author(s) understands that the published work may be linked or deposited on any server or included in other publications (republication), provided that the new place and/or new edition references the original publication and acknowledges the authorship and copyright ownership of PASOS RTPC publications.
Authors understand that a plagiarism-self-plagiarism check will be performed, and the article may be removed at any time from the editorial flow.
