Remodelação de uma linguagem mutável do turismo: do monólogo ao diálogo e trílogo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2012.10.053Palavras-chave:
linguagem do turismo, monólogo, modernismo, diálogo, triálogo, remodelaçãoResumo
Quando começou a desenvolver o “linguagem do turismo”, o turismo fazia parte do projeto “modernista”, cujo discurso unilateral e monológico tinha surgido sob parâmetros de controle social. Actualmente, porém, temos provas de que este discurso sofreu uma transformação, devido à difusão da comunicação digital na Internet. Com efeito, existe hoje um espírito pós-moderno“”, mais igualitário, aberto ao diálogo e inclusive ao “triálogo” entre os principais interlocutores do turismo: a indústria do turismo, o turista e a comunidade receptora. Por esta razão, é necessária uma nova perspectiva heurística, que reflicta as mudanças em tão rápida evolução. Em seguida, será abordada uma análise sistemática de três modelos constitutivos, que ilustram conjuntamente o paradigma em mutação dos meios de comunicação, hoje abertos à maior democratização.Downloads
Referências
Baudrillard, Jean 1983 Simulations. New York: Semiotext(e), Foreign Agent Press. Blackstock, Kirsty
Baudrillard, Jean 2005 A critical look at community based tourism. Com- munity Development, 40(1): 39-49.
Brendon, Piers 1991 Thomas Cook: 150 years of popular tourism. London: Secker and Warburg.
British Broadcasting Corporation 2005 Tribe. BBC2 television, 3 January, 10 January, 17 January, 24 January, 31 January, 7 February.
Buhalis, Dimitrios and Law, Rob 2008 “Progress in tourism management: Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: the state of e-tourism research”. Tourism Management 29(4): 609-623.
Channel 4 T 2011 “Attack of the Trip Advisors”. Cutting Edge, 31 Oc- tober, 2100-2200.
Cohen, Erik 1989 “Primitive and remote: Hill tribe trekking in Thai- land”. Annals of Tourism Research 16(1): 30-61.
Cohen, Erik / Cooper, Robert 1986 “Language and tourism”. Annals of Tourism Re- search 13(4): 533-563.
Complain Domain 2011 http://www.complaindomain.com (accessed 23 June; currently this site is unavailable).
Crick, Malcolm 1989 “The hippy in Sri Lanka: A symbolic analysis of the imagery of schoolchildren in Kandy”. Criticism, Heresy and Interpretation 3: 37-54.
Cruises.co.uk 2011 http://www.cruises.co.uk (accessed 20 June)
Dann, Graham 1996 The language of tourism: a sociolinguistic perspec- tive. Wallingford: CAB International.
Dann, Graham 1999 “Theoretical issues for tourism’s future: Identify- ing the agenda”. In Pearce, Douglas / Butler, Richard (Eds.), Contemporary issues in tourism development (pp.13-30). London: Routledge.
Dann, Graham 2001a “The language of tourism as monologue”. Paper presented to the colloquium Worldscape 21: the communicative power of tourism, research committee on international tourism of the International Sociological Association, University of Liège, Belgium, 9-12 Au- gust.
Dann, Graham 2001b “Self-admitted use of cliché in the language of tour- ism”. Tourism, Culture and Communication 3(1):1-14.
Dann, Graham 2003 “Noticing notices: tourism to order”. Annals of Tour- ism Research 30(2): 465-484.
Dann, Graham 2004a (Mis)-representing the other in the language of tourism. Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies 29(2):76-94.
Dann, Graham 2004b “What Aristotle might have asked the future Al- exander the Great on Mytilini: Is there anything new in tourism theory?” In Proceedings of the symposium on Understanding tourism—theoretical advances, University of the Aegean, Lesvos, Greece, 14-16 May
Dann, Graham 2004, (Published on CD-ROM, University of the Aegean, August 2004). Also subsequently published with permission in: 2008 “O co móg?by zapyta? Arystotelesa przysz?y Aleksander Wielki na wyspie Lesbos? ‘Czy pojawi?o si? cos mowego w teorii turystyki?’”. Nowe Problemy Turystyki 1(1): 83-105. (Simultaneously published in English as What the future Alexander the Great might have asked Aristotle on Lesvos: ‘Is there anything new in tourism theory?’ New Problems of Tourism 1(1): 77-98.
Dann, Graham 2007 “Revisiting the language of tourism: what tourists and tourees are saying”. In De Stasio, Clotilde / Palus- ci, Oriana. (Eds.), The languages of tourism: turismo e mediazione (pp. 15-31). Milano: Edizioni Unicopli.
Dann, Graham 2009 “The language of tourism: Crises of credibility”. Key- note address to the conference Communicare la città: il turismo culturale a Brescia in una prospettiva inter/ nazionale, (Communicating the city: an international perspective on cultural tourism in Brescia), Univer- sità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Brescia, Centro Studi sul Turismo, 19-20 November.
Dann, Graham, / Liebman Parrinello, Giuli 2007 “Od putopisa do ‘putobloga’: redefiniranje identiteta turista (From travelog to travelblog: (re)-negotiating tourist identity”. Acta Turistica 19: 7-29.
Dann, Graham / Nash, Dennison / Pearce, Philip 1988 “Methodology in tourism research”. Annals of Tour- ism Research 15: 1-28.
Denzin, Norman 1986 “Postmodern social theory”. Sociological Theory 4(2): 194-204.
Fjellman, Stephen 1992 Vinyl leaves: Walt Disney World and America. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Gamradt, Jan 1995 “Jamaican children’s representations of tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research 22: 735-762. Goeldner, Charles / Ritchie, J. R. Brent 2009 Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies. 11th ed.Hoboken (NJ): Wiley. Grass Route Tours 2002 Grass route tours (pamphlet). Cape Town: np.
Holiday Complaints 2011 http://www.holidaycomplaints.com (accessed 23 June).
Holiday Travel Watch 2011 http://www.holidaytravelwatch.net/ (accessed 23 June).
Hollinshead, Keith 1993 The truth about Texas. Unpublished PhD thesis, Texas A & M University, USA.
Hollinshead, Keith / Jamal, Tazim 2001 “Delving into discourse: excavating the in-built pow- er-logic(s) of tourism”. Tourism Analysis 6(1): 63-73.
I GoUGo 2011 http://www.IgoUgo.com (accessed 23 June).
Karch, Cecilia / Dann, Graham 1981 “Close encounters of the Third World”. Human Rela- tions 34(4): 249-268.
Kilroy, Roger 1983 Graffiti 4: the empire writes back. London: Corgi Books.
Lee, Charles Changuk / Hu, Clark 2004 “Analyzing hotel customers’ e-complaints from an Internet complaint forum”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17 (2/3): 167-181.
Lonely Planet 2004 http://www.lonelyplanet.com (accessed 25 October).
Lonely Planet 2011 http://www.lonelyplanet.com (accessed 17 June).
Lyotard, Jean (1979) 1984 The postmodern condition: a report on knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
MacCannell, Dean 1992 Empty meeting grounds: the tourist papers. London: Routledge.
Mayo, Edward / Jarvis, Lance 1981 The psychology of leisure travel. Effective marketing and selling of travel services. Boston: CBI.
Milne, Simon / Mason, David / Speidel, Ulrich / West- Newman, Tim 2005 “Tourism and community informatics: the case of Ki- witrails”. Tourism, Culture and Communication 5(2): 105-114.
Milne, Simon 2006 “Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada”. In Baldacchino, G., (Ed.), Extreme tourism: lessons from the world’s cold water islands (pp. 88-99). Oxford: Elsevier.
Minghetti, Valeria / Buhalis, Dimitrios 2010 “Digital divide and tourism: bridging the gap be- tween markets and destinations”. Journal of Travel Research XX(X): 1-15.
Morgan, Nigel / Pritchard, Annette 2000 Advertising in tourism and leisure. Oxford: Butter- worth-Heinemann.
My Trip Journal 2011 http://www.mytripjournal.com (accessed 23 June). Planet Feedback
My Trip Journal 2004 http://www.planetfeedback.com (accessed 25 October)
My Trip Journal 2011 http://www.planetfeedback.com (accessed 26 November).
Reed, David 2002 The rough guide to Nepal, 5th ed. London: Rough Guides.
Ritchie, J. R. Brent 1993 “Crafting a destination vision: putting the concept of resident responsive tourism into practice”. Tourism Management 14(5): 379-389.
Ritzer, George 1993 The McDonaldization of society. Newbury Park (CA): Pine Forge Press.
Rough Guides 2004 http://roughguides.atinfopop.com (accessed 25 Octo- ber).
Rough Guides 2011 http://www.roughguides.com (accessed 17 June).
Ruiz-Ballesteros, Esteban / Hernández-Ramirez, Mac- arena 2010 “Tourism that empowers? Commodification and ap- propriation in Ecuador’s turismo comunitario”. Critique of Anthropology 30(2): 201-229.
Schoefer, Klaus / Ennew, Christine 2004 “Customer evaluation of tour operators’ responses to their complaints”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17(1): 83-92.
Shea, Linda / Enghagen, Linda / Khullar, Ashish 2004 “Internet diffusion of an e-complaint: a content anal- ysis of unsolicited responses”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17 (2/3): 144-165.
The Travel Collection 2005 “O island in the sun (travel advertisement on Ja- maica)”. Sunday Telegraph Magazine, 23 January: 52. Travel Pod 12011 http://www.travelpod.com (accessed 23 June).
Tyrell, Brian / Woods, Robert 2004 “E-complaints: lessons to be learned from the service recovery literature”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17 (2/3): 183-190.
Urry, John 1990 The tourist gaze. Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London: Sage.
Van den Berghe, Pierre 1994 The quest for the other. Ethnic tourism in San Cristóbal, Mexico. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Wang, Ning 2000 Tourism and modernity: a sociological analysis. Ox- ford: Pergamon.
Wang, Youcheng / Yu, Quaehee / Fesenmaier, Daniel 2002 “Defining the virtual tourist community: implica- tions for tourism marketing”. Tourism Management 23: 407-417.
Wearing, Stephen 2002 “Recentring the self in volunteer tourism”. In Dann, Graham (Ed.), The tourist as a metaphor of the social world (pp.237-262). Wallingford: CAB International.
Weiermair, Klaus / Fuchs, Matthias 1999 “Measuring tourist judgment on service quality”. Annals of Tourism Research 26: 1004-1021
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Confirmo que o trabalho é original (de minha/nossa autoria), e que não será submetido a outras revistas ou publicações até a resolução final do processo de revisão em PASOS, RTPC.
Autorizo a publicação do meu trabalho por PASOS, PSTN de acesso livre e aberto em qualquer dos formatos que considere oportuno, por tempo indeterminado e como colaboração não remunerada.
Da mesma forma, o(s) autor(es) entende(m) que o trabalho publicado pode ser vinculado ou depositado em qualquer servidor ou incluído em outras publicações (republicação), desde que o novo local e/ou a nova edição façam referência à publicação original e reconheçam a autoria e propriedade de direitos autorais das publicações PASOS RTPC.
Os autores entendem que uma verificação de plágio autoplágio será realizada, e o artigo poderá ser removido a qualquer momento do fluxo editorial.
