Remodelling a changing language of tourism: from monologue o dialogue and trialogue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2012.10.053Keywords:
language of tourism, monologue, modernism, dialogue, trialogue, (re)modellingAbstract
When the “language of tourism” was initially articulated, tourism formed part of the modernist project, wherein its unilateral, monological discourse was framed within the parameters of social control. However, there is evidence today that it has now been transformed on account of the digitalised communication of the Internet. Indeed, there is currently a more egalitarian, postmodern ethos of dialogue, or even trialogue, between the key players of tourism: the industry, the tourist and the touree. Consequently, a new heuristic framework becomes necessary, one that reflects the changes that are rapidly occurring. With examples, a cell-by-cell approach is adopted in three constituent models which together illustrate a shifting paradigm in terms of the media that are now open to greater democratisation.
Downloads
References
Baudrillard, Jean 1983 Simulations. New York: Semiotext(e), Foreign Agent Press. Blackstock, Kirsty
Baudrillard, Jean 2005 A critical look at community based tourism. Com- munity Development, 40(1): 39-49.
Brendon, Piers 1991 Thomas Cook: 150 years of popular tourism. London: Secker and Warburg.
British Broadcasting Corporation 2005 Tribe. BBC2 television, 3 January, 10 January, 17 January, 24 January, 31 January, 7 February.
Buhalis, Dimitrios and Law, Rob 2008 “Progress in tourism management: Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: the state of e-tourism research”. Tourism Management 29(4): 609-623.
Channel 4 T 2011 “Attack of the Trip Advisors”. Cutting Edge, 31 Oc- tober, 2100-2200.
Cohen, Erik 1989 “Primitive and remote: Hill tribe trekking in Thai- land”. Annals of Tourism Research 16(1): 30-61.
Cohen, Erik / Cooper, Robert 1986 “Language and tourism”. Annals of Tourism Re- search 13(4): 533-563.
Complain Domain 2011 http://www.complaindomain.com (accessed 23 June; currently this site is unavailable).
Crick, Malcolm 1989 “The hippy in Sri Lanka: A symbolic analysis of the imagery of schoolchildren in Kandy”. Criticism, Heresy and Interpretation 3: 37-54.
Cruises.co.uk 2011 http://www.cruises.co.uk (accessed 20 June)
Dann, Graham 1996 The language of tourism: a sociolinguistic perspec- tive. Wallingford: CAB International.
Dann, Graham 1999 “Theoretical issues for tourism’s future: Identify- ing the agenda”. In Pearce, Douglas / Butler, Richard (Eds.), Contemporary issues in tourism development (pp.13-30). London: Routledge.
Dann, Graham 2001a “The language of tourism as monologue”. Paper presented to the colloquium Worldscape 21: the communicative power of tourism, research committee on international tourism of the International Sociological Association, University of Liège, Belgium, 9-12 Au- gust.
Dann, Graham 2001b “Self-admitted use of cliché in the language of tour- ism”. Tourism, Culture and Communication 3(1):1-14.
Dann, Graham 2003 “Noticing notices: tourism to order”. Annals of Tour- ism Research 30(2): 465-484.
Dann, Graham 2004a (Mis)-representing the other in the language of tourism. Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies 29(2):76-94.
Dann, Graham 2004b “What Aristotle might have asked the future Al- exander the Great on Mytilini: Is there anything new in tourism theory?” In Proceedings of the symposium on Understanding tourism—theoretical advances, University of the Aegean, Lesvos, Greece, 14-16 May
Dann, Graham 2004, (Published on CD-ROM, University of the Aegean, August 2004). Also subsequently published with permission in: 2008 “O co móg?by zapyta? Arystotelesa przysz?y Aleksander Wielki na wyspie Lesbos? ‘Czy pojawi?o si? cos mowego w teorii turystyki?’”. Nowe Problemy Turystyki 1(1): 83-105. (Simultaneously published in English as What the future Alexander the Great might have asked Aristotle on Lesvos: ‘Is there anything new in tourism theory?’ New Problems of Tourism 1(1): 77-98.
Dann, Graham 2007 “Revisiting the language of tourism: what tourists and tourees are saying”. In De Stasio, Clotilde / Palus- ci, Oriana. (Eds.), The languages of tourism: turismo e mediazione (pp. 15-31). Milano: Edizioni Unicopli.
Dann, Graham 2009 “The language of tourism: Crises of credibility”. Key- note address to the conference Communicare la città: il turismo culturale a Brescia in una prospettiva inter/ nazionale, (Communicating the city: an international perspective on cultural tourism in Brescia), Univer- sità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Brescia, Centro Studi sul Turismo, 19-20 November.
Dann, Graham, / Liebman Parrinello, Giuli 2007 “Od putopisa do ‘putobloga’: redefiniranje identiteta turista (From travelog to travelblog: (re)-negotiating tourist identity”. Acta Turistica 19: 7-29.
Dann, Graham / Nash, Dennison / Pearce, Philip 1988 “Methodology in tourism research”. Annals of Tour- ism Research 15: 1-28.
Denzin, Norman 1986 “Postmodern social theory”. Sociological Theory 4(2): 194-204.
Fjellman, Stephen 1992 Vinyl leaves: Walt Disney World and America. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Gamradt, Jan 1995 “Jamaican children’s representations of tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research 22: 735-762. Goeldner, Charles / Ritchie, J. R. Brent 2009 Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies. 11th ed.Hoboken (NJ): Wiley. Grass Route Tours 2002 Grass route tours (pamphlet). Cape Town: np.
Holiday Complaints 2011 http://www.holidaycomplaints.com (accessed 23 June).
Holiday Travel Watch 2011 http://www.holidaytravelwatch.net/ (accessed 23 June).
Hollinshead, Keith 1993 The truth about Texas. Unpublished PhD thesis, Texas A & M University, USA.
Hollinshead, Keith / Jamal, Tazim 2001 “Delving into discourse: excavating the in-built pow- er-logic(s) of tourism”. Tourism Analysis 6(1): 63-73.
I GoUGo 2011 http://www.IgoUgo.com (accessed 23 June).
Karch, Cecilia / Dann, Graham 1981 “Close encounters of the Third World”. Human Rela- tions 34(4): 249-268.
Kilroy, Roger 1983 Graffiti 4: the empire writes back. London: Corgi Books.
Lee, Charles Changuk / Hu, Clark 2004 “Analyzing hotel customers’ e-complaints from an Internet complaint forum”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17 (2/3): 167-181.
Lonely Planet 2004 http://www.lonelyplanet.com (accessed 25 October).
Lonely Planet 2011 http://www.lonelyplanet.com (accessed 17 June).
Lyotard, Jean (1979) 1984 The postmodern condition: a report on knowledge. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
MacCannell, Dean 1992 Empty meeting grounds: the tourist papers. London: Routledge.
Mayo, Edward / Jarvis, Lance 1981 The psychology of leisure travel. Effective marketing and selling of travel services. Boston: CBI.
Milne, Simon / Mason, David / Speidel, Ulrich / West- Newman, Tim 2005 “Tourism and community informatics: the case of Ki- witrails”. Tourism, Culture and Communication 5(2): 105-114.
Milne, Simon 2006 “Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada”. In Baldacchino, G., (Ed.), Extreme tourism: lessons from the world’s cold water islands (pp. 88-99). Oxford: Elsevier.
Minghetti, Valeria / Buhalis, Dimitrios 2010 “Digital divide and tourism: bridging the gap be- tween markets and destinations”. Journal of Travel Research XX(X): 1-15.
Morgan, Nigel / Pritchard, Annette 2000 Advertising in tourism and leisure. Oxford: Butter- worth-Heinemann.
My Trip Journal 2011 http://www.mytripjournal.com (accessed 23 June). Planet Feedback
My Trip Journal 2004 http://www.planetfeedback.com (accessed 25 October)
My Trip Journal 2011 http://www.planetfeedback.com (accessed 26 November).
Reed, David 2002 The rough guide to Nepal, 5th ed. London: Rough Guides.
Ritchie, J. R. Brent 1993 “Crafting a destination vision: putting the concept of resident responsive tourism into practice”. Tourism Management 14(5): 379-389.
Ritzer, George 1993 The McDonaldization of society. Newbury Park (CA): Pine Forge Press.
Rough Guides 2004 http://roughguides.atinfopop.com (accessed 25 Octo- ber).
Rough Guides 2011 http://www.roughguides.com (accessed 17 June).
Ruiz-Ballesteros, Esteban / Hernández-Ramirez, Mac- arena 2010 “Tourism that empowers? Commodification and ap- propriation in Ecuador’s turismo comunitario”. Critique of Anthropology 30(2): 201-229.
Schoefer, Klaus / Ennew, Christine 2004 “Customer evaluation of tour operators’ responses to their complaints”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17(1): 83-92.
Shea, Linda / Enghagen, Linda / Khullar, Ashish 2004 “Internet diffusion of an e-complaint: a content anal- ysis of unsolicited responses”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17 (2/3): 144-165.
The Travel Collection 2005 “O island in the sun (travel advertisement on Ja- maica)”. Sunday Telegraph Magazine, 23 January: 52. Travel Pod 12011 http://www.travelpod.com (accessed 23 June).
Tyrell, Brian / Woods, Robert 2004 “E-complaints: lessons to be learned from the service recovery literature”. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 17 (2/3): 183-190.
Urry, John 1990 The tourist gaze. Leisure and travel in contemporary societies. London: Sage.
Van den Berghe, Pierre 1994 The quest for the other. Ethnic tourism in San Cristóbal, Mexico. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Wang, Ning 2000 Tourism and modernity: a sociological analysis. Ox- ford: Pergamon.
Wang, Youcheng / Yu, Quaehee / Fesenmaier, Daniel 2002 “Defining the virtual tourist community: implica- tions for tourism marketing”. Tourism Management 23: 407-417.
Wearing, Stephen 2002 “Recentring the self in volunteer tourism”. In Dann, Graham (Ed.), The tourist as a metaphor of the social world (pp.237-262). Wallingford: CAB International.
Weiermair, Klaus / Fuchs, Matthias 1999 “Measuring tourist judgment on service quality”. Annals of Tourism Research 26: 1004-1021
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
I confirm that the work is original (of my/our authorship), and that it will not be submitted to other journals or publications until the final resolution of the review process in PASOS, RTPC.
I authorize the publication of my work by PASOS, PSTN of free and open access in any of the formats that I deem appropriate, for an indefinite period of time and as a non-remunerated collaboration.
Likewise, the author(s) understands that the published work may be linked or deposited on any server or included in other publications (republication), provided that the new place and/or new edition references the original publication and acknowledges the authorship and copyright ownership of PASOS RTPC publications.
Authors understand that a plagiarism-self-plagiarism check will be performed, and the article may be removed at any time from the editorial flow.
