¿Ir de vacaciones es respetuoso con el medio ambiente? Un análisis bibliométrico de los indicadores de sostenibilidad ambiental del turismo

Jeniffer de Nadae; Marcelo Martins Moura-Fé; Cícero Allan Barbosa Soares; Maria Waldilene Sousa Cavalcante

doi:10.25145/j.pasos.2025.23.061

Autores

Jeniffer de Nadae Universidade Federal de Cariri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-8986
Marcelo Martins Moura-Fé Universidade Regional do Cariri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0336-557X
Cícero Allan Barbosa Soares Universidade Federal do Cariri https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6479-491X
Maria Waldilene Sousa Cavalcante Universidade Regional do Cariri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2025.23.061

Palavras-chave:

Indústria turística, Indicadores ambintais, Revisão sistemática, ANálise bibliométrica, Scopus

Resumo

O turismo tem impactos importantes na sociedade, economia e meio ambiente. A sustentabilidade constitui elemento chave na competitividade da indústria turística. A dimensão ambiental da sustentabilidade contempla diversos indicadores, ferramentas fundamentais para um desenvolvimento turístico mais sustentável. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a literatura científica sobre indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental para o setor do turismo. Os métodos de pesquisa foram a revisão sistemática e a análise bibliométrica, utilizando a base de dados Scopus. Os objetos de estudo mais frequentes estão na Europa e China, analisando a sustentabilidade de diferentes segmentos, como: ecoturismo, turismo rural, cultural, gastronômico, urbano e marítimo, e sustentabilidade do setor de hospedagem. Agrupou-se os principais indicadores em cinco categorias: Energia, Ecossistema e Ambiental, Água, Transporte e Mobilidade, e Desperdício. Os resultados permitem uma avaliação abrangente das pesquisas sobre as temáticas abordadas, fornecendo novas frentes de pesquisa sobre o turismo, para que profissionais da atividade turística tomem decisões acertadas.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

##plugins.generic.pfl.publicationFactsTitle##

##plugins.generic.pfl.thisArticle##

##plugins.generic.pfl.otherArticles##

##plugins.generic.pfl.peerReviewers##

##plugins.generic.pfl.numPeerReviewers##

##plugins.generic.pfl.averagePeerReviewers##

##plugins.generic.pfl.reviewerProfiles## Indisp.

##plugins.generic.pfl.authorStatements##

##plugins.generic.pfl.dataAvailability##

##plugins.generic.pfl.dataAvailability.unsupported##

##plugins.generic.pfl.averagePercentYes##

##plugins.generic.pfl.funders##

##plugins.generic.pfl.funders.no##

##plugins.generic.pfl.numHaveFunders##

##plugins.generic.pfl.competingInterests##

Indisp.

##plugins.generic.pfl.averagePercentYes##

##plugins.generic.pfl.forThisJournal##

##plugins.generic.pfl.otherJournals##

##plugins.generic.pfl.articlesAccepted##

##plugins.generic.pfl.numArticlesAccepted##

##plugins.generic.pfl.numArticlesAcceptedShort##

##plugins.generic.pfl.daysToPublication##

##plugins.generic.pfl.numDaysToPublication##

145

##plugins.generic.pfl.indexedIn##

##plugins.generic.pfl.indexedList##

##plugins.generic.pfl.editorAndBoard##: ##plugins.generic.pfl.profiles##
##plugins.generic.pfl.academicSociety##: PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural
##plugins.generic.pfl.publisher##: Instituto Universitario de Investigación Social y Turismo. Universidad de La Laguna (España) - Instituto Universitario da Maia ISMAI (Portugal)

Referências

Agyeiwaah, E., McKercher, B., & Suntikul, W. (2017). Identifying core indicators of sustainable tourism: A path forward?. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.005

Alipour, H., Safaeimanesh, F., & Soosan, A. (2019). Investigating sustainable practices in hotel industry-from employees’ perspective: evidence from a Mediterranean Island. Sustainability, 11(23), 6556. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236556

Álvarez-Herranz, A., & Macedo-Ruíz, E. (2021). An evaluation of the three pillars of sustainability in cities with high Airbnb presence: a case study of the city of Madrid. Sustainability, 13(6), 3220. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063220

Antonova, N., Ruiz-Rosa, I., Mendoza-Jiménez, J. (2021). Water resources in the hotel industry: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(2), 628-649. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2020-0711

Andolina, C., Signa, G., Tomasello, A., Mazzola, A., & Vizzini, S. (2021). Environmental effects of tourism and its seasonality on Mediterranean islands: the contribution of the Interreg MED BLUEISLANDS project to build up an approach towards sustainable tourism. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(06), 8601-8612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00984-8

Anton, C., Micu, A. E., & Rusu, E. (2021). Multi-criteria analysis of the mass tourism management model related to the impact on the local community in Constanta city (Romania). Inventions, 6(03), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions6030046

Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007

Aronica, L., Rigdon, J., Offringa, L. C., Stefanick, M. L., & Gardner, C. D. (2021). Examining differences between overweight women and men in 12-month weight loss study comparing healthy low-carbohydrate vs. low-fat diets. International journal of obesity, 45(1), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-020-00708-y

Ashok, S., Tewari, H. R., Behera, M. D., & Majumdar, A. (2017). Development of ecotourism sustainability assessment framework employing Delphi, C&I and participatory methods: A case study of KBR, West Sikkim, India. Tourism Management Perspectives, 21, 24-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.10.005

Asmelash, A. G., & Kumar, S. (2019). Assessing progress of tourism sustainability: Developing and validating sustainability indicators. Tourism Management, 71, 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.020

Ban, N., Caillaud, C., Coppola, E., Pichelli, E., Sobolowski, S., Adinolfi, M., ... & Zander, M. J. (2021). The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at kilometer-scale resolution, part I: evaluation of precipitation. Climate Dynamics, 57(1), 257-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05708-w

Baum, T. (2018). Sustainable human resource management as a driver in tourism policy and planning: a serious sin of omission?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(6), 873-889. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1423318

Beaumont, N., & Dredge, D. (2010). Local tourism governance: A comparison of three network approaches. Journal of sustainable tourism, 18(1), 7-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903215139

Belliggiano, A., Garcia, E. C., Labianca, M., Valverde, F. N., & De Rubertis, S. (2020). The “eco-effectiveness” of agritourism dynamics in Italy and Spain: A tool for evaluating regional sustainability. Sustainability, 12(17), 7080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177080

Bienvenido-Huertas, D., Farinha, F., Oliveira, M. J., Silva, E. M., & Lança, R. (2020). Challenge for Planning by Using Cluster Methodology: The Case Study of the Algarve Region, Sustainability, 12(4), 1536. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041536

Blancas, F. J., Lozano-Oyola, M., González, M., & Caballero, R. (2018). A dynamic sustainable tourism evaluation using multiple benchmarks. Journal of cleaner production, 174, 1190-1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.295

Bramwell, B., Higham, J., Lane, B., & Miller, G. (2017). Twenty-five years of sustainable tourism and the Journal of Sustainable Tourism: Looking back and moving forward. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1251689

Brščić, K., Prats Planaguma, L., Raschi, A., Marchi, V., Šugar, T., Lovrečić, K., & Poljuha, D. (2020). Can indicators for sustainable tourism improve tourism planning in the coastal destinations? Empirical evidence from Catalonia, Istrian Region and Tuscany Region. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 68(2) 144-155. https://doi.org/10.37741/t.68.2.3

Carrillo, M., & Jorge, J. M. (2017). Multidimensional analysis of regional tourism sustainability in Spain. Ecological Economics, 140, 89-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.05.004

Cavalcanti, C., Limont, M., Dziedzic, M., & Fernandes, V. (2017). Sustainability of urban mobility projects in the Curitiba metropolitan region. Land Use Policy, 60, 395-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.11.015

Chen, Q., Mao, Y., & Morrison, A. M. (2021). Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Tourism Carbon Emissions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312850

Clark, W. C. (2001). A transition toward sustainability. Ecology Law Quarterly, 1021-1075. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24114051

Cobacho-Tornel, M. B. (2019). Synthetic indicators and sustainable coastal tourism in Murcia, Spain. Anatolia, 30(2), 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2018.1519204

Coccossis, H., & Koutsopoulou, A. (2020). Measuring and monitoring sustainability of coastal tourism destinations in the Mediterranean. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 68(4) 482-498. https://doi.org/10.37741/t.68.4.8

Cong, L. C., & Chi, T. T. V. (2021). The sustainability of marine tourism development in the South Central coast, Vietnam. Tourism Planning & Development, 18(6), 630-648. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2020.1837226

Contu, G., Conversano, C., Frigau, L., & Mola, F. (2019). The impact of Airbnb on hidden and sustainable tourism: the case of Italy. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 9(2), 99-130. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTP.2019.102627

Crespi-Vallbona, M., Domínguez Pérez, M., & Miró, O. M. (2019). Urban food markets and their sustainability: the compatibility of traditional and tourist uses. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(14), 1723-1743. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1401983

Davardoust, S., & Karahan, F. (2021). Evaluation of Sustainable Rural Tourism. The Case of Uzundere District, Erzurum, Turkey. Sustainability, 13(18) 10218. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810218

Dragoi, I. C., Coanda, H. G., & Coltuc, D. (2017). Improved reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on reserving room after encryption and pixel prediction. In: 25th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), 2250-2254, IEEE. http://doi.org/10.23919/EUSIPCO.2017.8081597

Falatoonitoosi E., Schaffer V., & Kerr, D. (2022). Does sustainable tourism development enhance destination prosperity? Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(5), 1056-1082. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020988328

Farinha, F., Oliveira, M. J., Silva, E. M., Lança, R., Pinheiro, M. D., & Miguel, C. (2019). Selection process of sustainable indicators for the Algarve region. Observe Project. Sustainability, 11(2), 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020444

Fayaz, A., & Gulzar, F. (2021). SUSTAINABLE TOURISM THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT. Advance and Innovative Research, 1.

Feleki, E., Vlachokostas, C., & Moussiopoulos, N. (2018). Characterisation of sustainability in urban areas: An analysis of assessment tools with emphasis on European cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 43, 563-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.08.025

Gkoumas, A. (2019). Evaluating a standard for sustainable tourism through the lenses of local industry. Heliyon, 5(11), e02707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02707

Goffi, G., Cucculelli, M., & Masiero, L. (2019). Fostering tourism destination competitiveness in developing countries: The role of sustainability. Journal of cleaner production, 209, 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.208

Gogonea, R. M., Baltălungă, A. A., Nedelcu, A., & Dumitrescu, D. (2017). Tourism pressure at the regional level in the context of sustainable development in Romania. Sustainability, 9(5), 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050698

González, V.M., Coromina, L., & Galí, N. (2018). Overtourism: residents’ perceptions of tourism impact as an indicator of resident social carrying capacity-case study of a Spanish heritage town. Tourism review, 73(3), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-08-2017-0138

Grecu, A., Gruia, A. K., Marin, M., Bănuță, M., Olteanu, C., Constantin, I., Gadoiu, M., et al. (2019). Specificity of sustainable structural dynamics of local economy in Romanian tourist resorts. Sustainability, 11(24), 7155. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247155

Hidalgo-Giralt, C., Palacios-García, A., Barrado-Timón, D., & Rodríguez-Esteban, J. A. (2021). Urban industrial tourism: Cultural sustainability as a tool for confronting overtourism. Cases of Madrid, Brussels, and Copenhagen. Sustainability,13(9), 4694. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094694

Ibănescu, B. C., Stoleriu, O. M., Munteanu, A., & Iațu, C. (2018). The impact of tourism on sustainable development of rural areas: Evidence from Romania. Sustainability, 10(10), 3529. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103529

Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, J., Theodoropoulos, C., Konstantinopoulos, P., & Georgoudaki, E. (2017). Sustainable tourism development including the enhancement of cultural heritage in the city of Nafpaktos–Western Greece. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 24(3), 224-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1201021

Ince, E., & Öztüren, A. (2021). Strengths, weaknesses and challenges of municipalities in North Cyprus aspiring to be a sustainable Cittaslow tourism destination. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 13(4) 528-534. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-02-2021-0031

Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Celdrán-Bernabeu, M. A., Femenia-Serra, F., Perles-Ribes, J. F., & Giner-Sánchez, D. (2021). Measuring the progress of smart destinations: The use of indicators as a management tool. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100531

Joun, H.-J., & Kim, H. (2020). Productivity evaluation of tourism and culture for sustainable economic development: Analyzing South Korea’s Metropolitan Regions. Sustainability,12(7), 2912. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072912

Lee, J.W., & Brahmasrene, T. (2013). Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union. Tour. Manag, 38, 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.02.016

Lenzen, M., Sun, YY., Faturay, F. et al. A pegada de carbono do turismo global. Nature Clim Change 8, 522–528 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x

Li, J., Goerlandt, F., & Reniers, G. (2021). An overview of scientometric mapping for the safety science community: Methods, tools, and framework. Safety Science, 134, 105093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105093

Li, S., Zhang, W., Zheng, J., Lv, M., Song, H., & Du, L. (2020). Inhibition of polysulfide shuttles in Li–S batteries: modified separators and solid‐state electrolytes. Advanced Energy Materials, 11(2), 2000779. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000779

Lima, P. N. (2017). Análise Bibliométrica. Conceitos, Métodos e Softwares. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo.

Liu, L., De Vel, O., Han, Q. L., Zhang, J., & Xiang, Y. (2018). Detecting and preventing cyber insider threats: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 20(2), 1397-1417. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2800740

Markscheffel, B., & Schröter, F. (2021). Comparison of two science mapping tools based on software technical evaluation and bibliometric case studies. COLLNET Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management, 15(2), 365-396. https://doi.org/10.1080/09737766.2021.1960220

Medina-Muñoz, D. R., Medina-Muñoz, R. D., & Gutiérrez-Pérez, F. J. (2016). The impacts of tourism on poverty alleviation: An integrated research framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(2), 270-298. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1049611

Ministério da Educação e Turismo (2023). Em 2023, atividade turística deve movimentar US$ 9,5 trilhões na economia mundial, indica estudo da WTTC. Disponível em:< https://www.gov.br/turismo/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/em-2023-atividade-turistica-deve-movimentar-us-9-5-trilhoes-na-economia-mundial-indica-estudo-da-wttc#:~:text=PR%C3%93XIMA%20D%C3%89CADA%20%E2%80%93%20O%20%C3%B3rg%C3%A3o%20global,da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20empregada%20no%20setor>. Acesso em: 05 jul 2023.

Mitrică, B., Şerban, P. R., Mocanu, I., Damian, N., Grigorescu, I., Dumitraşcu, M., & Dumitrică, C. (2021). Developing an indicator-based framework to measure sustainable tourism in romania. a territorial approach. Sustainability, 13(5), 2649. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052649

Mohanty, P. P., Rout, H. B., & Samal, A. (2019). Community based sustainable tourism development-A tool for fostering and promoting peace: A case study of Odisha, India. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(1), 1-15.

Mooser, A., Anfuso, G., Gómez-Pujol, L., Rizzo, A., Williams, A. T., & Aucelli, P. P. (2021). Coastal Scenic Beauty and Sensitivity at the Balearic Islands, Spain: Implication of Natural and Human Factors. Land, 10(5), 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10050456

Moreno-Luna, L., Robina-Ramírez, R., Sánchez, M. S. O., & Castro-Serrano, J. (2021). Tourism and sustainability in times of COVID-19: The case of Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041859

Nadalipour, Z., Imani Khoshkhoo, M. H., & Eftekhari, A. R. (2019). An integrated model of destination sustainable competitiveness. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 29(4), 314-335. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-12-2017-0086

Nesticò, A., & Maselli, G. (2020). Sustainability indicators for the economic evaluation of tourism investments on islands. Journal of Cleaner Production, 248, 119217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119217

Ng, S. I., Chia, K. W., Ho, J. A., & Ramachandran, S. (2017). Seeking tourism sustainability - A case study of Tioman Island, Malaysia. Tourism Management, 58, 101-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.007

Niavis, S., Papatheochari, T., & Coccossis, H. (2019). Supporting Stakeholder Analysis Within ICZM Process in Small and Medium-Sized Mediterranean Coastal Cities with The Use Of Q-Method. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 14(1), 53-74.

Niñerola, A., Sánchez-Rebull, M. V., & Hernández-Lara, A. B. (2019). Tourism research on sustainability: A bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 11(5), 1377. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11051377

Noyons, E., Moed, H., & Van Raan, A. (1999). Integrating research performance analysis and science mapping. Scientometrics, 46(3), 591-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02459614

Ocampo, L., Ebisa, J. A., Ombe, J., & Escoto, M. G. (2018). Sustainable ecotourism indicators with fuzzy Delphi method–A Philippine perspective. Ecological indicators, 93, 874-888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.05.060

Organização Mundial Do Turismo-OMT. (2017). La OMT y la UNESCO: turismo y cultura para impulsar los ODS. (Press Release n17129).

Pan, S. Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S. L., & Chiang, P. C. (2018). Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. Science of the total environment, 635, 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.134

Peña-Alonso, C., Ariza, E., Hernández-Calvento, L., & Pérez-Chacón, E. (2018). Exploring multi-dimensional recreational quality of beach socio-ecological systems in the Canary Islands (Spain). Tourism Management, v. 64, 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.09.008

Perez Guilarte, Y., & Barreiro Quintáns, D. (2019). Using big data to measure tourist sustainability: myth or reality?. Sustainability, 11(20), 5641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205641

Pivčević, S., Petrić, L., & Mandić, A. (2020). Sustainability of Tourism Development in the Mediterranean - Interregional Similarities and Differences. Sustainability, 12(18), 7641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187641

Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Ramakrishna, S., Hall, C. M., Esfandiar, K., & Seyfi, S. (2020). A systematic scoping review of sustainable tourism indicators in relation to the sustainable development goals. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1775621

Ruhanen, L., Moyle, C. L., & Moyle, B. (2019). New directions in sustainable tourism research. Tourism Review, 74(2), 138-149. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-12-2017-0196

Scopus (2022). Scopus Preview. Recuperado de: https://www.scopus.com/home.uri

Seguí-Amortegui, L., Clemente-Almendros, J. A., Medina, R., & Grueso Gala, M. (2019). Sustainability and competitiveness in the tourism industry and tourist destinations: A bibliometric study. Sustainability, 11(22), 6351. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226351

Small, H. (1999). Visualizing science by citation mapping. Journal of the American society for Information Science, 50(9), 799-813. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:9<799::AID-ASI9>3.0.CO;2-G

Swarbrooke J. (1999). Sustainable tourism management. CABI Pub. Retrieved April 19 2023 from http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39765214.html.

Torres-Delgado, A., & Palomeque, F. L. (2018). The ISOST index: A tool for studying sustainable tourism. Journal of destination marketing & management, 8, 281-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.05.005

UNWTO. (2020). World Tourism Organization. Recuperado de: https://www.unwto.org/

Vanti, N. A. P. (2002). Da bibliometria à webometria: uma exploração conceitual dos mecanismos utilizados para medir o registro da informação e a difusão do conhecimento. Ciência da informação, 31(2), 369-379. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-19652002000200016

Waas, T., Hugé, J., Block, T., Wright, T., Benitez-Capistros, F., & Verbruggen, A. (2014). Sustainability assessment and indicators: Tools in a decision-making strategy for sustainable development. Sustainability, 6(9), 5512-5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6095512

Wu, T., Qin, Z., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, S., ... & Han, L. (2021). The main progress of perovskite solar cells in 2020–2021. Nano-Micro Letters, 13(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00672-w

World Travel & Tourism: Economic Impact 2017 (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2017); https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2017/world2017.pdf

Xu, X., Sharma, P., Shu, S., Lin, T. S., Ciais, P., Tubiello, F. N., ... & Jain, A. K. (2021). Global greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods. Nature Food, 2(9), 724-732. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00358-x

Yao, Y., & Mallik, A. (2020). Stream flow changes and the sustainability of cruise tourism on the Lijiang River, China. Sustainability, 12(18), 7711. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187711

Yu, C. P., Chancellor, H. C., & Cole, S. T. (2011). Measuring residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: A reexamination of the sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728750935318