Representações visuais de destinos turísticos através da Internet: o caso de Valladolid (México)

Autores

  • Ilia Alvarado Sizzo
  • Ma. del Carmen Mínguez García Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  • Álvaro López López

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.024

Palavras-chave:

Imagem dos destinos, Portais institucionais, Flickr, Valladolid, Yucatan

Resumo

As imagens têm grande importância na caracterização dos espaços turísticos e na tomada de decisões dos visitantes; neste sentido, a Internet adquire grande destaque na busca de informação e na sua partilha, oferecendo visões diferentes e por vezes complementares às oferecidas pelas instituições responsáveis pela promoção turística. Para conhecer a representação visual da cidade de Valladolid (Yucatán, México), foram analisadas e comparadas as imagens de seis portais oficiais e do Flickr. Após o exame do conteúdo visual, revela-se que a imagem turística oficial é mais limitada do que a das redes sociais em termos de temas e, no entanto, liga o site da Internet com elementos que vão além do seu entorno imediato. Em ambas as fontes, é apresentada uma imagem estereotipada e o território é fragmentado, uma vez que a atenção dos visitantes e gestores está centrada numa parte do espaço. Assim, o olhar fixa-se em certos elementos, esquecendo o resto, o que tem consequências importantes a nível sócio-territorial.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Alvarado-Sizzo, I. 2015. “Territorial dynamics of cultural tourism in Izamal, Yucatan, Mexico”. GeoJournal, 3: 1-20.

Baloglou S. y Mc Cleary K.W. 1999. “A model of destination image formation”. Annals of tourism research, 26 (4): 868-897.

Baudrillard, J. 1987. Cultura y simulacro. Barcelona: Kairos.

Bauman, Z. 1995. Life in Fragments: Essays in Post-modern Morality. Oxford: Blackwell.

Berghe, Pierre L. Van den. 1995. “Marketing Mayas: Ethnic Tourism Promotion in Mexico”. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3): 568-88.

Boulding K.E. 1956. The image: knowledge in life and society. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.

Burn, P, Palmer, C. y Lester, J.A. 2010a. Tourism and visual culture, Volume 1: Theories and concepts. London: Cabi.

Burn, P, Palmer, C. y Lester, J.A. 2010b. Tourism and visual culture, Volume 2: Methods and cases. London: Cabi.

Butler, R. W. and Hall, C. M. 1998 “Image and reimaging of rural areas”. En R. Butler, C. M. Hall and J. Jenkins (Eds.), Tourism and Recreation in Rural Areas (pp. 115–22). Chichester: Wiley.

Buttimer, A. 1985. “Hogar, campo de movimiento y sentido del lugar”. En García Ramón, M. D. (Ed.). Teoría y método en la Geografía Humana anglosajona (pp. 227-240). Barcelona: Ariel.

Cha, M, Mislove, A. y Gummadi, K. P. 2009. “A measurement-driven analysis of information propagation in the flickr social network”. En Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web (pp. 721-730). ACM.

Choi, S, Letho, X.Y. y Morrison, A.M. 2007. “Destination image representation on the web: Content analysis of Macau travel related websites”. Tourism Managment, 28: 118-129.

Cohen, E. 1988. “Authenticity and commoditization in tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 371–386.

Collier, J. y Collier, M. 1986. Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

CONACULTA-INAH. 2012. Valladolid. Catálogo de ventas. Mérida: Secretaría de Fomento Turístico del Estado de Yucatán.

Dann, G. 1996. “The people of tourist brochures”. En T. Selwyn (Ed.), The Tourist Image: Myths and Myth Making in Tourism, Chichester, UK: John Wiley.

Donaire, J. A. y Galí, N. 2011. “La imagen turística de Barcelona en la comunidad Flickr”, Cuadernos de Turismo, 27: 291-303.

Echtner, C.M. 2002. “The content of third world tourism marketing: a 4A approach”. International Journal of tourism research, 4: 413-434.

García-Palomares, J.C., Gutiérrez, J. y Mínguez, C. 2015. “Identification of tourist hot spots based on social networks: a comparative analysis of European metropolises using photo-sharingservices and GIS”. Applied Geography. 63: 408-417.

Giner Sánchez, D. 2016. Social media marketing en destinos turísticos: situación actual, planificación y prospectiva. Un análisis aplicado a la Comunitat Valenciana. Universidad de Alicante. Tesis inédita: https://rua.ua.es/ dspace/bitstream/10045/.../tesis_giner_sanchez.pdf [última consulta 7 de enero de 2017].

Gronhaug, K. y Heide, M. 1992. “Stereotyping in country advertising. An experimental study”. European Journal of Marketing. 26 (5): 56-67.

Haldrup, M. y Larsen, J. 2012. “Reading of tourist photographs”. En T. Rakic y D. Chambers (Eds.). An introduction to visual research methods in tourism (pp. 153-168). London: Routledge.

Hall, S. 1997. Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. London: Sage.

Hiernaux, D. 2002. “Turismo e imaginarios”, en A. Cordero, D. Hiernaux y L. Van Duynen, Imaginarios sociales y turismo sostenible (pp. 7-36). Costa Rica: FLACSO.

Hollinshead, K. 2002. “The Character of the Tourist Gaze: A synthesis of and about Urry’s concept, interpreted by Hollinshead”. Council of Australian University Tourism and Hospitality Education (CAUTHE) Conference. Fremantle, Western Australia, January.

Hunter, W.C. 2008. “A typology of photographic representations for tourism: depictions of groomed spaces”. Tourism Management, 29: 354-365.

Hunter, W.C. 2012. “The drawing methodology in tourism research”. En T. Rakic y D. Chambers (Eds.), An introduction to visual research methods in tourism (pp. 126-149). London: Routledge.

Hunter, W.C. 2016. “The social construction of tourism online destination: A comparative semiotic analysis of the visual representation of Seoul”. Tourism Management, 54: 221-229.

INEGI 2015. Anuario estadístico y geográfico de Yucatán 2014. México: INEGI. http://www.datatur.sectur.gob. mx/ITxEF_Docs/YUC_ANUARIO_PDF15.pdf [última consulta el 11 de julio de 2017]

Križman Pavlovic, D. y Belullo, A. 2007. “Internet – An Agent of Tourism Destination Image Formation: Content and Correspondence Analysis of Istria Travel Related Websistes”. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference Global Challenges for Competitiveness: Business and Government Perspective (pp. 541-556) Pula: Juraj Dobrila University of Pula.

Jenkins, P. 2003. Images of terror: what we can and can’t know about terrorism. Nueva York, Aldine.

Jokela, S. y Raento, P. 2012. “Collecting visual materials from secondary sources”. En T. Rakic y D. Chambers (Eds) An introduction to visual research methods in tourism. London: Routledge, pp. 53-69.

Lanfant, M.F, Allcock, J.B. y Bruner. E.M. 1995. “International tourism, internationalization and the challenge to identity”. En M.F. Lanfant, J.B. Allcock and E.M. Bruner (Eds.), International Tourism: Identity and Change (pp: 24-43). London: Sage.

Lobo Montero, P. 2001. “Promoción y comercialización turísticas de las ciudades históricas españolas”. PH: Boletín del Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, 9.36: 150-169.

MacCannell, D. 1999. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Mansfeld, Y. 1992. From motivation to actual travel. Annals of tourism research, 19(3), 399- 419.

Marín Guardado, G. 2008. Territorio de resistencia, integración mercantil y producción del espacio turístico en Quintana Roo: trayectorias y transformaciones del mundo Maya. Turismo, identidades y exclusión, 97-141.

Martineau, P. 1958. “The personality of the retail store”. Harvard Business Review, January- February 1958: 47-55.

Marujo, N. 2012. “Imagen y promoción de los destinos turísticos en internet: El caso de los municipios de la Isla Madeira”. Estudios y perspectivas en turismo, 21(4): 825-837.

Mínguez García, M.C; Calle Vaquero, M. de la. y García Hernández, M. 2016. “Actividades turístico-recreativas y huella digital. Aproximaciones con referencia Aranjuez (España), Paisaje Cultural Patrimonio Mundial”. En A. Pereira, P.F. de Matos y R. Barboza (Org.) Leituras Geográficas. Ensaios teóricos sobre temas da contemporaneidade (pp. 349-380). Ituiutaba: Ed. Barlovento.

Novo, G., Osorio, M., Torres, J. y Esquivel, E. 2013. “Viajes, actuantes, escenarios e interacciones. Un ana´lisis de la publicidad turi´stica de los destinos, a partir de sus sema´nticas visuales”. Investigaciones Turi´sticas, 6: 27-46.

O’Connor, P. y Murphy, J. 2004. “Research of information technology in the hospitality industry”. Hospitality Management, 23: 473-484.

Peralba, R. 2010. El posicionamiento de la Marca Espan~a y su competitividad internacional. Madrid: Ediciones Pira´mide.

Phelps, A. 1986. “Holiday destination image: the problem of assessment”. Tourism Management, 7 (3): 168-180.

Pitchford, S. 2008. Identity tourism: Imaging and imagining the nation. Bingley: Emerald.

Popescu, A. y Grefenstette, G. 2009. “Deducing trip related information from flickr”. En Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World Wide Web (pp. 1183-1184). ACM.

Pretes, M. 2003. Tourism and nationalism. Annals of tourism research, (30)1: 125-142.

Rakic, T. y Chambers, D. 2012. “Introducing visual methods to tourism studies”. En T. Rakic y D. Chambers (Eds.) An introduction to visual research methods in tourism (pp. 3-14). London: Routledge.

Rakic, T. y Lester, J.A. 2016. Travel, tourism and art. London: Routledge.

Rojek, C. y Urry, J. 1997. Touring Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory. London: Routledge.

Rosa, B. 2003. “La imagen turística de las regiones insulares: las islas como paraísos”. Cuadernos de Turismo, 11: 127-13.

Sartori, G. 1998. Homo Videns: La sociedad teledirigida. Madrid: Taurus.

Selwyn, T. 1996. “Introduction”. En T. Selwyn (Ed.), The tourist image: Myths and myth making in tourism (pp. 1–32). New York: Wiley.

Schofield, P. 1996. “Cinematographic Images of a City. Alternative Heritage Tourism in Manchester”. Tourism Managment, 17(5), 333-340.

Smith, M. y Duffy, R. 2003. The ethics of tourism development. London: Routledge.

Standing, C. y Vasudavan, T. 2000. “The marketing of regional tourism via the Internet: Lessons from Australian and South African sites”. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 1: 45-48.

Stepcenkova, S. y Morrison, A.M. 2006. “The destination image of Russia: From the online induced perspective”. Tourism Management, 27: 943-956.

Tuan, Y.F. 1976. “Geoplety: a theme in man"s attachement to nature and to place”. En D. Lowenthal y M.J. Bowden (Eds.), Geographies of the mind: essays in historical geosophy in honor of John Kirtland Wright (pp. 11-39). New York: Oxford Press University.

Tuan, Y.F. 1978 “Sign and metaphor”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 68 (3): 363-372.

Urry, J. 2002. The tourist gaze. London: SAGE Publications.

Van House, N. A. 2007. Flickr and public image-sharing: distant closeness and photo exhibition. En CHI’07 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems (pp. 2717-2722). ACM.

White, L. y Frew, E. 2011. “Tourism and national identities: connections and conceptualisations”. En E. Frew y L. White (Eds.), Tourism and national identities (pp. 1-10). London: Routledge.

Wright, J.K. 1947. “Terrae Incognitae: the place of imagination in Geography”. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 37 (1): 1-15.

Zimmerman, M.E. 2000. “The end of authentic selfhood in the post-modern age?”. En M. Wrathall y J. Malpas (Eds.), Heidegger, Authenticity, and Modernity: Essays in Honour of Hubert L. Dreyfus, 1, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Publicado

2018-04-24

Como Citar

Alvarado Sizzo, I., Mínguez García, M. del C., & López López, Álvaro. (2018). Representações visuais de destinos turísticos através da Internet: o caso de Valladolid (México). PASOS Revista De Turismo Y Patrimonio Cultural, 16(2), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.024

Edição

Seção

Artigos

##plugins.generic.pfl.publicationFactsTitle##

Metric
##plugins.generic.pfl.thisArticle##
##plugins.generic.pfl.otherArticles##
##plugins.generic.pfl.peerReviewers## 
##plugins.generic.pfl.numPeerReviewers##
##plugins.generic.pfl.averagePeerReviewers##

##plugins.generic.pfl.reviewerProfiles##  Indisp.

##plugins.generic.pfl.authorStatements##

##plugins.generic.pfl.authorStatements##
##plugins.generic.pfl.thisArticle##
##plugins.generic.pfl.otherArticles##
##plugins.generic.pfl.dataAvailability## 
##plugins.generic.pfl.dataAvailability.unsupported##
##plugins.generic.pfl.averagePercentYes##
##plugins.generic.pfl.funders## 
Indisp.
##plugins.generic.pfl.numHaveFunders##
##plugins.generic.pfl.competingInterests## 
Indisp.
##plugins.generic.pfl.averagePercentYes##
Metric
##plugins.generic.pfl.forThisJournal##
##plugins.generic.pfl.otherJournals##
##plugins.generic.pfl.articlesAccepted## 
##plugins.generic.pfl.numArticlesAccepted##
##plugins.generic.pfl.numArticlesAcceptedShort##
##plugins.generic.pfl.daysToPublication## 
##plugins.generic.pfl.numDaysToPublication##
145

##plugins.generic.pfl.indexedIn##

    ##plugins.generic.pfl.indexedList##
##plugins.generic.pfl.editorAndBoard##
##plugins.generic.pfl.profiles##
##plugins.generic.pfl.academicSociety## 
PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural
##plugins.generic.pfl.publisher## 
Instituto Universitario de Investigación Social y Turismo. Universidad de La Laguna (España) - Instituto Universitario da Maia ISMAI (Portugal)