Structural Modelling and Business Characterisation of Tourism Enterprises in the Cuispes District, 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2026.24.067Keywords:
Structural modelling, Business characteristics, Tourism entrepreneurship, Business performance, Business sustainabilityAbstract
Entrepreneurial skills are decisive for success and sustainability in the tourism sector. This study analyses the entrepreneurial characteristics that influence the performance of entrepreneurs in the Cuispes district. Using a descriptive and quantitative methodology, structured questionnaires with Likert-scale questions were administered, and data were processed using Microsoft Excel and PLS-SEM modelling. The findings reveal a high participation of women entrepreneurs (83 %) and highlight that innovation, planning, and sociability are vital factors for entrepreneurial performance, thereby ensuring business sustainability. Leadership, however, did not demonstrate statistical significance in relation to performance, which is attributed to low educational levels, insufficient training, and limited support programmes. The results suggest that institutions should implement leadership development programmes and policies to facilitate business formalisation. Furthermore, this research contributes to the understanding of leadership in crisis contexts, helping to mitigate future negative impacts through organisational learning and new lines of enquiry aimed at improving performance and fostering community development.
Downloads
Publication Facts
Reviewer profiles N/A
Author statements
- Academic society
- PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural
- Publisher
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Social y Turismo. Universidad de La Laguna (España) - Instituto Universitario da Maia ISMAI (Portugal)
References
Adomako, S., & Nguyen, P. (2024). Responsible entrepreneurship, social innovation, and entrepreneurial performance: Does commitment to SDGs matter? Business Strategy and the Environment, 33. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3733
Aguirre, G., Serrano, B., & Sotomayor, G. (2017). El liderazgo de los gerentes de las Pymes de Machala. Universidad y Sociedad. http://rus.ucf.edu.cu/
Álava, N., & Quinde, M. (2023). Análisis explicativo del liderazgo transformacional en el perfil emprendedor social de jóvenes universitarios. Formación Universitaria, 16(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062023000200049
Alean, A., Del Rio, J., Simancas, R., & Rodríguez, C. (2016). ¿El emprendimiento como estrategia para el desarrollo humano y social? Saber, Ciencia y Libertad, 12(1). file:///D:/usuario/Downloads/Dialnet-ElEmprendimientoComoEstrategiaParaElDesarrolloHuma-6069704.pdf
Alshebami, A. (2024). Fuelling entrepreneurial success: Unravelling the nexus of financial resources, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and entrepreneurial intentions in Saudi micro and small enterprises. Discover Sustainability, 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00235-0
Arancibia, S., Donoso, M., Venegas, R., & Cárdenas, C. (2015). Identifying key factors affecting culture of innovation: A case study of Chilean medium mining sector. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242015000100010
Arroyo, S., & Muro, J. (2017). Evaluación del estilo de liderazgo transaccional y transformacional a través de modelos confirmatorios: Una aplicación a los jóvenes emprendedores de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. Revista de Análisis Cuantitativo y Estadística, 4(12). https://www.ecorfan.org/bolivia/researchjournals/Analisis_Cuantitativo_y_Estadistico/vol4num12/Revista_de_An%C3%A1lisis_Cuantitativo_y_Estad%C3%ADstico_V4_N12.pdf#page=39
Audretsch, D., Desai, S., & Belitski, M. (2015). Entrepreneurship and economic development in cities. Annals of Regional Science, 55, 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-015-0685-x
Avendaño, W. (2012). Innovación: Un proceso necesario para las pequeñas y medianas empresas del municipio de San José de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander (Colombia). Semestre Económico, 15(31). http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0120-63462012000100009&script=sci_arttext
Azhana, F., Setiawan, M., Susanti, L., Zakaria, M., Syafaat, R., & Aggustiningsih, N. (2024). Concept of social entrepreneurship in the development of creative economy tourism in Indonesia (Case study: Cirendeu Village). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1324. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012073
Belchior, R., & Lyons, R. (2021). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions, nascent entrepreneurial behavior and new business creation with social cognitive career theory – a 5-year longitudinal analysis. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-021-00745-7
Campo, L., Amar, P., Olivero, E., & Huguett, S. (2018). Emprendimiento e innovación como motor del desarrollo sostenible: Estudio bibliométrico (2006-2016). Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 24(4). https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=28059581003
Canossa, H. (2022). Gestión de proyectos como estrategia para la evaluación de desempeño del talento humano en las empresas. Ciencias Administrativas. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S231437382022000100004&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
Chang, S., & Jeong, M. (2021). Does leadership matter in performance of social enterprises in South Korea? Sustainability, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011109
Chirinos, Y., Meriño, V., & Martínez, C. (2018). El clima organizacional en el emprendimiento sostenible. Revista EAN. https://doi.org/10.21158/01208160.n84.2018.1916
Solarte, C., Rivera, G., Bolaños, S., & Benavides, L. (2022). Diagnóstico de la innovación en el sector de producción de alimentos y bebidas de Pasto. Tendencias, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.22267/rtend.222302.202
Dewi, J., & Ginting, G. (2022). Leadership and entrepreneurship for creativity and survival of tourism villages in the covid-19 times: The moderating role of external support. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 7. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2022.v7i5.e940
Dhales, H., Khieng, S., Verver, M., & Manders, I. (2020). Social entrepreneurship and tourism in Cambodia: Advancing community engagement. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1706544
Douglas, E., Jeffrey, M., & Kirk, K. (2024). Slowed by commitment and hastened by obstacles: Exploring patterns of entrepreneur role exit in the EPOP dataset. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2024.e00460
Días, A., González, M., & Hallar, R. (2023). Nascent entrepreneurship: A critical perspective and research agenda in tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2022-0853
Díaz, A., & Marrero, F. (2014). El modelo SCOR y el Balanced Scorecard, una poderosa combinación intangible para la gestión empresarial. Visión de Futuro, 18(1). http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S1668-87082014000100002&script=sci_arttext
Duque, P., & Ortiz, D. (2022). Perspectivas y tendencias de investigación en emprendimiento social. Desarrollo Gerencial, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.17081/dege.14.1.5082
Easwaramoorthy, R., Nishad, N., Sirajudeen, M., & Gemini, J. (2024). A study on entrepreneurial innovation among entities in Singapore. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00362-y
Feijó, P., Cwular, N., Navajas, V., Feijó, T., & Quiroz, I. (2023). Instauración de la innovación en los emprendimientos. 593 Digital Publisher. https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2023.3.1823
Flores, M., Mejía, S., & Santillán, A. (2024). Relationship between digital marketing, internet skills and business characteristics: A study on entrepreneur's women. Contaduría y Administración, 69. https://doi.org/10.22201/fca.24488410e.2024.5081
Gieure, C., Benavides, M., & Roig, S. (2020). The entrepreneurial process: The link between intentions and behavior. Journal of Business Research, 112, 546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.088
Kallmuenzer, A., Kraus, S., Peters, M., Steiner, J., & Cheng, F. (2019). Entrepreneurship in tourism firms: A mixed-methods analysis of performance driver configurations. Tourism Management, 74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.04.002
Khalfan, S. (2024). Wasta in business management: A critical review of recent developments and future trends in the tourism sector. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 207. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02734-x
Laeis, G., & Lemke, S. (2016). Social entrepreneurship in tourism: Applying sustainable livelihoods approaches. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2014-0235
López, J., & Garza, M. (2020). El papel de la gestión del emprendimiento y la innovación en relación con los resultados SMEs in México. Suma de Negocios, 11(24). https://doi.org/10.14349/sumneg/2020.V11.N24.A2
Martins, I., Rialp, A., Rialp, J., & Aliaga, R. (2015). El uso de las redes como propulsor para la orientación emprendedora y el crecimiento de la pequeña y mediana empresa. Innovar, 25(55). https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v25n55.47227
Mejía, A., Bravo, M., & Montoya, A. (2013). El factor del talento humano en las organizaciones. Ingeniería Industrial, 34(1). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1815-59362013000100002
Miranda, M., Lopez, E., & Vega, C. (2022). Hacia una perspectiva integral de gestión en sostenibilidad empresarial. Trascender, Contabilidad y Gestión, 7. https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v7i19.136
Montoya, C., & Boyero, M. (2016). El recurso humano como elemento fundamental para la gestión de calidad y la competitividad organizacional. Visión de Futuro, 20. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?pid=S1668-87082016000200001&script=sci_arttext
Noriega, C., Zambrano, F., Guerrero, M., & Silva, D. (2023). Desempeño organizacional en las empresas: Un análisis bibliométrico. Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, 25. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos252.18
Nurcaya, Rahyuda, Giantari, & Ekawati. (2024). Business performance concept development apparel industry MSMEs in Bali. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 12. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2023.9.019
Nyoman, W., & Puto, D. (2023). The role of innovation capability in mediation of COVID-19 risk perception and entrepreneurship orientation to business performance. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2022.10.004
Nwibe, & Ogbuanya. (2024). Emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention among university undergraduates in Nigeria: Exploring the mediating roles of self-efficacy domains. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-00367-7
Ochoa, S., Garcia, A., Valdez, S., & Jacobo, H. (2022). Entrepreneurship in tourism studies in the 21st century: A bibliometric study of WoS and Scopus. SAGE Open, 12. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221102438
Osabohien, R., Worgwu, H., & Al-Faryan, M. (2024). Mentorship and innovation as drivers of entrepreneurship performance in Africa's largest economy. Social Enterprise Journal, 20. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SEJ-02-2023-0019/full/html
Osorio, F. (2019). Revisión cronológica sobre liderazgo y emprendimiento. Interfaces, 2. file:///D:/usuario/Downloads/Dialnet-RevisionCronologicaSobreLiderazgoYEmprendimiento-8661412.pdf
Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., O'Regan, N., & James, P. (2014). Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review. Group & Organization Management, 40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114560063
Pino, M. (2022). Revisión a los aportes de la cultura de emprendimiento y el emprendimiento digital. Mundo Contable Empresarial, 1(1). file:///D:/usuario/Downloads/2-mundo-contable-empresarial-revisin-a-los-aportes-de-la-cultura-de-emprendimiento-y-el-emprendimiento-digital-1.pdf
Ramírez, V., Méndez, L., Hernández, B., & Sandoval, S. (2018). El desempeño empresarial factor clave en la competitividad de las microempresas. Vinculatégica Efan. http://www.web.facpya.uanl.mx/vinculategica/vinculat%C3%A9gica_2/3%20RAMIREZ_MENDEZ_HDZ_SANDOVAL%20.pdf
Rabelo, J., Figueiredo, C., Gabriel, B., & Valente, R. (2024). Factors for innovation ecosystem frameworks: Comprehensive organizational aspects for evolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123383
Ravi, K., & Anupam, S. (2024). Evaluación de la eficacia de la capacitación de empleados bancarios gerenciales y no gerenciales utilizando el modelo de Kirkpatrick para la evaluación de la capacitación. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02973-y
Rehman, S., Tiwari, A., Turner, C., & Leon, W. (2018). A framework for innovation outsourcing. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2018.091085
Rodríguez, D. (s.f.). Emprendimiento sostenible, significado y decisiones. Katharsis, 29. https://doi.org/10.25057/25005731.775
Rodriguez, D., & Sánchez, J. (2020). Agriculture as tourism product in rural areas: A debate that remains open literature. Investigaciones Turísticas. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2020.20.05
Rodríguez, L. (2007). Emprendimiento y asociatividad como herramienta de desarrollo social para la educación media. Cuadernos Latinoamericanos de Administración, 3. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=409634347005
Rodríguez, L., & González, L. (2005). Modelo dinámico de emprendimiento y asociatividad como herramienta de desarrollo social para la educación media. Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc, 10(2). http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=498850161009
Sharmina, A., Mohammad, H., & Bina, A. (2024). Women's leadership development through entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. Management and Labour Studies, 49, 110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X231208591
Sánchez, A., Arteaga, J., Naumchik, M., & Pelleiero, M. (2020). The intention to quit entrepreneurship in tourism SMEs: The effect of work addiction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102400
Saranya, S., & Chandrasekar, K. (2024). The impact of women in social entrepreneurship on sustainable development. GMSARN International Journal, 19.
Vishal, G. (2016). Organizational performance research in India: A review and future research agenda. En The Sixth Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR) Survey of Psychology in India. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498864.003.0001
Westendarp, P., & Iglesias, L. (2019). Jóvenes universitarios y sociabilidad. Última Década, 27(51). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-22362019000100003
Yuan, W., & Ziwei, L. (2024). Digital transformation, entrepreneurship, and disruptive innovation: Evidence of corporate digitalization in China from 2010 to 2021. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02378-3
Zaidatulnisha, J., & Nor, Z. (2024). Social media adoption and business performance among Bumiputera micro-entrepreneurs in Malaysia: Is entrepreneurial orientation a missing link? International Journal of Religion, 5, 105. https://doi.org/10.61707/70wt9747
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Manuel Antonio Morante Dávila, Oscar Chavez Espinoza, Angela Agip Pilco , LUDITH TORREJON SANTILLAN

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
I confirm that the work is original (of my/our authorship), and that it will not be submitted to other journals or publications until the final resolution of the review process in PASOS, RTPC.
I authorize the publication of my work by PASOS, PSTN of free and open access in any of the formats that I deem appropriate, for an indefinite period of time and as a non-remunerated collaboration.
Likewise, the author(s) understands that the published work may be linked or deposited on any server or included in other publications (republication), provided that the new place and/or new edition references the original publication and acknowledges the authorship and copyright ownership of PASOS RTPC publications.
Authors understand that a plagiarism-self-plagiarism check will be performed, and the article may be removed at any time from the editorial flow.



