Lugar e poder no desenvolvimento turístico: acompanhamento das complexas articulações da comunidade e da localidade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2003.01.002Palavras-chave:
turismo, poder, comunidade, consumoResumo
Este artigo esboça o caso da análise do turismo, do poder e do espaço nos processos de desenvolvimento desde a perspectiva da sociologia crítica. Serve-se das recentes tendências na sociologiagia do desenvolvimento por estender os modelos teóricos existentes de maneira que transcenda o rígido Dualismo entre estrutura e organismo de um lado, e sobre o poder e a identidade, por outro. Tal como têm admitido em recentes trabalhos destacados pesquisadores como Picard e Wood (1997), a relação entre turismo e processos de desenvolvimento e transformação social estão mais matizados e variados que os modeos ‘teóricos’ anteriores. Deste ponto de vista, este artigo examina o tema considerando quatro áreas temáticas de especial relevância para o estudo do turismo e suas diversas relações com os processos de mudança social: a relação de comunidade, consumo, produção e espaço de consumo.Downloads
Referências
Allcock, J. B. 1993 “The development of tourism in Yugoslavia: some conceptual and empirical lessons”. In I. Dobozi & P. Mándi (Eds.) Emerging Development Patterns: European Contributions. Selected papers of the 3rd Confence of EADI, Budapest, Hungary, November 11-14 1981.
Allcock, J. B. 1995 “International tourism and the appropriation of history in the Balkans”. In M.F. Lanfant et al. (Eds.) International Tourism: Identity and Change (pp. 100-112). London: Sage.
Appadurai, A. 1990 “Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy”. In M. Featherstone (Ed.) Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity. London: Sage.
Bauman, Z. 1998 Globalization: the Human Consequences. Cambridge: Polity Press. Beauregard, R. 1986 “The chaos and complexity of gentrification”. In N. Smith & P. Williams (Eds.) Gentrification of the City (pp. 35-55). London: Unwin Hyman.
Bianchi, R. V. 1999 A Critical Ethnography of Tourism Entrepreneurship and Social Change in a Fishing Community in Gran Canaria. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis, University of North London.
Boissevain, J. 1975 “Towards a social anthropology of Europe”. In J. Boissevain, & and J. Friedl (Eds.) Beyond the Community: Social Process in Europe (pp.9-17) The Netherlands: University of Amsterdam, European- Mediterranean Study Group.
Boissevain, J. 1979 “Towards a social anthropology of the Mediterranean”. Current Anthropology, 20(1): 81-93.
Boissevain, J. (Ed.) 1996 Coping with Tourists: European Reactions to Mass Tourism. Oxford: Berghahn.
Bond, M. E. & Ladman, J. R. 1980 “International tourism: an instrument for Third World development”. In I. Vogeler & A. de Souza (Eds.) Dialectics of Third World Development (pp. 231-40). New Jersey: Allanheld, Osmun & Co.
Bramwell, B.& Sharman, A. 1999 “Collaboration in local tourism policy- making”. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2): 392-415.
Brent Ritchie, J. R. 1993 “Crafting a destination vision - putting the concept of resident- responsive tourism into practice”. Tourism Management, 14(5): 379-389.
Britton, S. G. 1982 “The political economy of tourism in the Third World”. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(3): 331-358.
Britton, S. G. 1987 “Tourism in small developing countries: development issues and research needs”. In S. G. Britton & W. C.Clarke (Eds.) Ambiguous Alternatives: Tourism in Small Developing Countries (pp. 167-93). Suva: University of the South Pacific.
Britton, S. G. 1991 “Tourism, capital and place: towards a critical geography of tourism”. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9(4): 451-478.
Brohman, J. 1996 “New directions in tourism for Third World development”. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1): 48-70.
Bruner, E. M. 1995 “Maasai on the lawn: tourist realism in East Africa”.Cultural Anthropology, 9(4): 435-470.
Burns, P. 1993 “Sustaining tourism employment”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1(2): 81-96.
Butler, R. W. 1980 “The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources”. Canadian Geographer, 24 (1): 5-12.
Castells, M. 1996 The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Cheong, So-Min and M. L. Miller 2000 “Power and tourism: A Foucauldian observation”. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2): 371-390.
Cockburn, C. & A. Orbasli 1997 “Marketing historic towns: a western approach to urban conservation for tourism”. In C. Fsadni & T. Selwyn (Eds.) Sustainable Tourism in Mediterranean Islands and Small Cities (pp. 60-73). Malta and London: Medcampus.
Cohen, E. 1979 “Rethinking the sociology of tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(1): 18-35.
Cohen, E 1994 “Contemporary tourism-trends and challenges: sustainable authenticity or contrived post-modernity?” In R. W. Butler & D. Pearce (Eds.) Change in Tourism: People, Places, Processes (pp.12-29). London: Routledge.
Crang, P. 1997 “Performing the tourist product”. In C. Rojek & J. Urry (Eds.) Tourism Cultures: Transformations of Travel and Theory (pp. 137-154). London: Routledge.
Culler, J. 1981 “Semiotics of tourism”. American Journal of Semiotics, 1(1/2): 127-140.
Dahles, H. 1997 “Tourism, petty entrepreneurs and sustainable development”. In H. Dahles (Ed.) Tourism, Small Entrepreneurs and Sustainable Development: Cases from Developing Countries (pp.23-33) ATLAS/Tilburg University.
Davis, J. 1977 People of the Mediterranean: an Essay in Comparative Social Anthropology. London: Routledge.
De Kadt, E. (Ed.) 1979 Tourism: Passport to Development? New York: Oxford University Press.
Din, K. 1991 “The concept of local involvement and its application to Malaysian island resorts”. ASEASUK Conference on Tourist Development in South-East Asia. University of Hull, Centre for South-East Asian Studies, March 25-28.
Echtner, C. 1995 “Entrepreneurial training in less developed countries”. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1): 119-134.
Etzioni, A. 1993 The Spirit of Community. New York: Crown.
Evans, G. 1999 “Heritage tourism: development and diversity?” ICOMOS 12th World Congress of Conservation and Heritage, The Wise Use of Heritage, Oaxaca, Mexico, October.
Fees, C. 1996 Tourism and the politics of authenticity in a North Cotswold town”. In T. Selwyn (Ed.) The Tourist Image (pp.121-146). Chichester: John Wiley.
Friedman, J. 1990 “Being in the world: globalization and localization”. In M. Featherstone (Ed.) Global Culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity (pp. 311-328) London: Sage.
Galaní-Moutafí, V. 1993 From agriculture to tourism: property, labor, gender and kinship in a Greek island village (Part One)”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 11: 241-270.
Giddens, A. 1991 The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Goddard, V. A.; Llobera, J. R. & Shore, C. (Eds.) 1996 The Anthropology of Europe: Identities and Boundaries in Conflict. Oxford: Berg.
Goffee, R. & Scase, R. 1983 “Class, entrepreneurship and the service sector: towards a conceptual clarification”. Service Industries Journal, 3(2): 146-160.
Gilmore, D. 1982 “Anthropology of the Mediterranean area”. Annual Review of Anthropology, 11: 175-205.
Hall, C. M. 1994 Tourism and Politics: Policy, Power and Place. Chichester: John Wiley
Hall, C. M. 2000ª Tourism Planning: Policies, Processes and Relationships. Harlow: Prentice Hall.
Hall, C. M. 2000b “Territorial economic integration and globalisation”, Paper presented to the
th ATLAS Conference, North-South: Contrasts and Connections in Global Tourism, 17-21st June, Savonlinna, Finland.
Hall, D. & Richards, G. 2000 “The community: a sustainable concept in tourism development?” In D. Hall & G. Richards (Eds.) Tourism And Sustainable Community Development (pp.1-13). London: Routledge.
Harrison, S. 1999 “Cultural boundaries”. Anthropology Today, 15(5): 10-13
Harvey, D. 1982 “Labour, capital and class struggle around the built environment in advanced capitalist societies”. In A. Giddens & D. Held (Eds.) Classes, Power and Conflict: Classical and Contemporary Debates (pp. 545-561). London: Macmillan.
Haywood, K. M. 1988 “Responsible and responsive tourism planning in the community”. Tourism Management, 9(2): 105-118.
Held, D. 1994 “What should democracy mean today?” In The Polity Reader in Social Theory (pp. 304-312). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hollinshead, K. 1998 “Tourism and the restless peoples: a dialectical inspection of Bhabha’s halfway populations”. Tourism, Culture and Communication, 1:49-77.
Hollinshead, K. 1999 “Surveillance of the worlds of tourism: Foucault and the eye-of-power”, Tourism Management, 20: 7-23.
Honey, M. 1999 Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Washington DC: Island Press.
Husbands, W. 1981 “Centres, peripheries, tourism and socio-spatial development”. Ontario Geography, 17: 37-59
Hutton, W. 1996 The State We’re In. London: Vintage Press.
Ioannides, D. and Debbage, K. G. 1998 “Neo-Fordism and flexible specialization in the travel industry: dissecting the polyglot”. In D. Ioannides and K. G. Debbage (Eds.) The Economic Geography of the Tourist Industry. London: Routledge.
Jafari, J. 1984 “Unbounded ethnicity: the tourist network and its satellites”. Revue de Tourisme, 3: 4-21.
Jamal, T. B. and Getz, D. 1995 “Collaboration theory and community tourism planning”. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1): 186-204.
Joppe, M. 1996 “Sustainable community tourism development revisited”. Tourism Management, 17(7): 475-479.
Kenna, M. 1993 “Return migrants and tourism development: An example from the Cyclades”. Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 11: 75-95.
Kiely, R. 1995 Sociology and Development: the Impasse and Beyond. London: UCL Press.
King, R. 1995 “Tourism, labour and international migration”. In A. Montanari & A. M. Williams (Eds.) European Tourism: Regions, Spaces and Restructuring (pp. 177-190). Chichester: Wiley.
Lanfant, M. F.; Allcock, J. & Bruner, E. M. (Eds.) 1995 International Tourism: Identity and Change. London: Sage.
Lash, S. & Urry, J. 1994 The End of Organized Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Leong, L. Wai-Teng 1997 “Culture and the State and ethnic tourism in Singapore”. In M. Picard & R. E. Wood (Eds.) Tourism, Ethnicity and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Leontidou, L. 1998 “On linkages between urbanism and urban restructuring in Mediterranean Europe”. In C. Keyder (Ed.) Tradition in Modernity: Southern Europe in Question (pp.85-100). ISA Pre-Congress Volumes. XIVth World Congress of Sociology, Montreal.
Llobera, J. 1986 “Fieldwork in southwest Europe: Anthropological panacea or epistemological straightjacket?” Critique of Anthropology, 6(2): 25-33.
Long, N. and Richardson, P. 1978 “Informal sector, petty commodity production, and the social relations of small-scale enterprise”. In J. Clammer (Ed.) The New Economic Anthropology (pp. 176-209). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
MacCannell, D. 1976 The Tourist: a New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Schocken Books.
MacCannell, D. 1992 Empty Meeting Grounds: the Tourist Papers. London: Routledge.
Makdisi, S.; Casarino, C. & Kart, R. E. (Eds.) 1996 Marxism beyond Marxism. London and New York: Routledge.
Marx, K. 1977 Karl Marx: Selected Writings. D. McLellan (Ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Massey, D. 1991 “A global sense of place”. Marxism Today, June: 24-29.
Massey, D. 1993 “Questions of locality”. Geography, 78(2): 142-149.
Massey, D. 1995 Spatial Divisions of Labour. 2nd Edition. London: Macmillan.
Mathieson, A. and G. Wall 1982 Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts. Harlow: Longman.
Michaud, J. 1991 “A social anthropology of tourism in Ladakh (India)”, Annals of Tourism Research, 18(4): 605-621.
Michaud, J.1997 “A portrait of cultural resistance: the confinement of tourism in a Hmong village in Thailand”. In Picard, M. & R.E. Wood (Eds.) Tourism Ethnicity and the State (pp. 128-154). Honolulu: University of Hawai Press.
Milne, S. 1998 “Tourism and sustainable development: the global-local nexus”. In C. M. Hall & A. Lew (Eds.) Sustainable Tourism: a Geographical Perspective (pp.35-48). Harlow: Longman.
Molotch, H. 1976 “The city as growth machine: toward a political economy of place”. American Journal of Sociology, 82(2): 309-32.
Mouzelis, N. P. 1989 “Restructuring structuration theory” Sociological Review, 37(4): 613-635
Mouzelis, N. P. 1995 Sociological Theory: What Went Wrong? Diagnosis and Remedies. London: Routledge.
Murphy, P. 1985 Tourism: a Community Approach. London: Routledge.
Nuñez, T. 1963 “Tourism, tradition and acculturation: weekendismo in a Mexican village”. Ethnology, 2(3): 347-352.
Oakes, T. 1997 “Ethnic tourism in rural Guizhou: Sense of place and the commerce of authenticity”. In M. Picard and R. E. Wood (Eds.) Tourism, Ethnicity and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies. (pp. 35-70). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Picard and R. E. Wood 1998 Tourism and Modernity in China. London: Routledge.
Odermatt, P. 1996 “A case of neglect ? the politics of (re)presentation: a Sardinian case”. In J. Boissevain (Ed.) Coping with Tourists: European Reactions to Mass Tourism (pp. 84-111). Oxford: Berghahn.
Oppermann, M. 1993 “Tourism space in developing countries”. Annals of Tourism Research, 20(3): 535-556.
Ortner, S. 1984 “Theory in anthropology since the sixties”. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26(1): 126-166.
Palmer, C. 1994 “Tourism and colonialism: The experience of the Bahamas”, Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4): 792-811.
Pearce, P., Moscardo, G. & Ross, G. F. 1996 Tourism Community Relationships. London: Pergamon.
Peck, J. G. & Lepie, A. S. 1989 “Tourism and development in three North Carolina coastal towns”. In V. L. Smith (Ed.) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (pp. 203-222). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Picard. M. 1995 “Cultural heritage and tourist capital: cultural tourism in Bali”. In M. F. Lanfant et al. (Eds.) International Tourism: Identity and Change (pp. 44-83). London: Sage.
Picard, M. and Wood, R. E. (Eds.) 1997 Tourism, Ethnicity and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Rodenburg, E. F 1980 “The effect of scale in economic development: tourism in Bali”. An- nals of Tourism Research, 7(2): 177-196.
Rodríguez, M. & Portales, J. 1994 “Tourism and NAFTA”.Tourism Management, 15(5): 319-322.
Ryan, C. and Montgomery, D. 1994 “The attitudes of Bakewell residents to tourism and issues in community responsive tourism”. Tourism Management, 15(5): 358-369.
Saarinen, J. 1998 “The social construction of tourist destinations: the process of transformation of the Saariselkä tourism region in Finnish Lapland”. In G. Ringer (Ed.) Destinations: Cultural landscapes of Tourism. (pp.154-173). London: Routledge.
Saglio, C. 1979 “Tourism for discovery: a project in Lower Casamance, Senegal”. In E. de Kadt (Ed.) Tourism: Passport to Development? (pp. 321-338) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Said, E. 1993 Culture and Imperialism. London: Chatto & Windus.
Sapelli, G. 1995 Southern Europe Since 1945: Tradition and Modernity in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Turkey. London: Longman.
Sassen, S. 1991 The Global City. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Schuurman, F. J. 2000 “Paradigms lost, paradigms regained? development studies in the twenty- first century”. Third World Quarterly, 21(1): 7-20.
Scott, J 1997 “Chances and choices: women and tourism in northern Cyprus”. In M. T. Sinclair (Ed.) Gender, Work and Tourism (pp. 66-90 ). London: Routledge.
Selwyn, T. 1996 “Introduction”. In T. Selwyn (Ed.) The Tourist Image: Myths and Myth- making Tourism. (pp. 1-32) Cichester: John Wiley.
Shaw, G. & Williams, A. M. 1998 “Entrepreneurship, small business culture and tourism development”. In D. Ioannides & K. Debbage (Eds.) The Economic Geography of the Tourist Industry (pp. 235-255). London: Routledge.
Simmons, D. 1994 “Community participation in tourism planning”. Tourism Management 15(2): 98-108.
Soja, E. 1989 Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory. London: Verso
Stephenson, M. 1997 Tourism, Race and Ethnicity: The Perception of Manchester’s Afro- Caribbean Community Concerning
Tourism, Access and Participation. Unpublished Ph.D. Manchester Metropolitan University.
Taylor, G. 1995 “The community approach: does it work?” Tourism Management, 16(7): 487-489.
Timothy, D. J. 1998 “Cooperative tourism planning in a developing destination”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 6(1): 52-68.
Timothy, D. J. 1999 “Participatory planning: a view of tourism in Indonesia”. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2): 371-391.
Urry, J. 1990 The Tourist Gaze. London: Sage. 1995 Consuming Places. London: Routledge 2000 Sociology Beyond Societies. London: Routledge.
Van den Berghe, P.L. 1992 “Tourism and the ethnic division of labour”. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(2): 234-249.
Van der Werff, P. E. 1980 “Polarizing implications of the Pescaia tourist industry”. Annals of Tourism Research, 7(2): 197-223.
Waldren, J. 1996 Insiders and Outsiders: Paradise and Reality in Mallorca. Oxford: Berghahn.
Wilkinson, P. F. 1989 “Strategies for island microstates”. Annals of Tourism Research. 16(2): 153-177.
Wilson, D. 1993 “Time and tides in the anthropology of tourism”. In M. Hitchcock, King, V. T. & M. Parnwell (Eds.) Tourism in South-East Asia (pp. 32-47). London: Routledge.
Wolf, E. 1982 Europe and the People without History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wood, R. E. 1984 “Ethnic tourism, the state and cultural change in South-East Asia”. Annals of Tourism Research, 11: 333-374.
Wood, R. E. 2000 “Caribbean cruise tourism: globalization at sea”. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2): 345-370.
Wright, E. O. 1993 “Class analysis, history and emancipation”. New Left Review, 202 (November-December): 15-36.
Zukin, S. 1995 Cultures of Cities. London: Blackwell.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Confirmo que o trabalho é original (de minha/nossa autoria), e que não será submetido a outras revistas ou publicações até a resolução final do processo de revisão em PASOS, RTPC.
Autorizo a publicação do meu trabalho por PASOS, PSTN de acesso livre e aberto em qualquer dos formatos que considere oportuno, por tempo indeterminado e como colaboração não remunerada.
Da mesma forma, o(s) autor(es) entende(m) que o trabalho publicado pode ser vinculado ou depositado em qualquer servidor ou incluído em outras publicações (republicação), desde que o novo local e/ou a nova edição façam referência à publicação original e reconheçam a autoria e propriedade de direitos autorais das publicações PASOS RTPC.
Os autores entendem que uma verificação de plágio autoplágio será realizada, e o artigo poderá ser removido a qualquer momento do fluxo editorial.