Linking National Parks with its gateway communities for tourism development in Central America: Nindiri, Nicaragua, Bagazit, Costa Rica and Portobelo, Panama

Juan Antonio Aguirre G.

doi:10.25145/j.pasos.2006.04.024

Autores

Juan Antonio Aguirre G.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2006.04.024

Palavras-chave:

Parques Nacionais, Comunidades, Participação, Turismo, Costa Rica, Panamá, Nicarágua, América Central

Resumo

A América Central, talvez recebendo entre oito e dez milhões de turistas, um número que é quase o dobro do que a região está recebendo hoje. Um estudo foi conduzido com base em 369 pesquisas de campo diretas realizadas em três comunidades Central-americanas: Bagazit gateway comunidade para Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica, Nindiri, porta de entrada para Volcan Masaya National Park, Nicarágua e Portobelo, porta de entrada para o Parque Nacional Por-tobelo, Panamá. O estudo constatou que, em relação às variáveis sociodemográficas, não houve diferença de significância no nível de probabilidade de 95% nas quatro variáveis, idade, sexo, escolaridade e renda mensal da família. O nível educacional parece ser as variáveis sociodemográficas que afetam mais o estado das relações. A variável percepção a ser levada em conta na decisão que afeta as comunidades e responsabilidade de ajudar com problemas comunitários estão presentes em dois dos três modelos. As variáveis de percepção relacionadas com o turismo, sentir treinado para cuidar do turista e existência de negócios que podem atender ao turista parecem ser elementos-chave na percepção da comunidade sobre o estado de relação. Atividades econômicas relacionadas ao turismo e participação da comunidade nas decisões do parque são hoje e serão no futuro elementos essenciais na formação das relações comunidade/ parque na América Central como o turismo se torna um setor econômico importante na economia regional.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Juan Antonio Aguirre G.

Juan Antonio Aguirre G. Ph.D. Environmental Economics Professor. The School for Field Studies, Center for Sustainable Development. Atenas, Costa Rica.

Referências

Aguirre, Juan A . 2000 El Desarrollo de las Comunidades Alrededor de las Areas Protegidas: El Caso del Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio. Ministerio de Ambiente y Energia. Camara de Comercion, Industria y Turismo de Aguirre. Seminario de Celebración de los 28 Años del Parque Nacional Manuel Antonio. Vision del Desarrollo Turístico del Canton de Aguirre para el Año 2010. Hotel Parador .Manuel Antonio. Puntarenas Cos- ta Rica.

Aguirre, Juan A. 2006b “Estado de las Relaciones del Par- que Nacional Monumento Arqueológico Guayabo, con las Comunidades de Santa Cruz de Turrialba y Guayabo Costa Rica”. PASOS. Revista de Tur- ismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 4(1): 69-83.

Andereck Kathleen L. and McGehee Nancy G. 2004 “Factors Predicting Rural Residents Support of Tourism” Journal of Travel Research, 43(2): 131-140.

Ashley, Caroline. 2000 The Impacts of Tourism on Rural Livelihoods: Namibia’s Experience. Overseas London: Development Institute. Working Paper 128.

Andereck Kathleen L. and Vogt Christine 2000 “The Relationship between Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism and Tourism Development Options”, Journal of Travel Research, 39(1): 27-36.

Akis Sevgin, Peristianis Nicos and Warner, and Jonathan. 1996 “Residents' attitudes to tourism development: the case of Cyprus”, Tourism Management, 17(7): 481-494.

Allen, Lawrence R.; Long, Patrick T.; Perdue, Richard R.; and Kieselbach, Scott. 1998 “The Impact Of Tourism Development On Residents' Perceptions Of Community Life”. Journal of Travel Research, 27(1): 16-21.

Akama, John S. 1996 “Western Environmental Values And Nature-Based Tourism In Kenya”, Tourism Management, 17(8): 567-574.

Burlingame, Leslie. 2000 “Conservation in the Monteverde Zone.Contributions of Conservation Organizations”. in Nadkarni , Nalini.M and Wheelwright, Nathaniel T. Monteverde. Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest. New York: Oxford University Press. Pages 351-388.

Beeler, Björn G. 2000 Opportunities and threats tolocal sustainable development:Introducing ecotourism to Venado Island,Costa Rica.Thesis.submitted to the Lund University's International Master's Programme in Environmental Sciences .Lund Sweden.

Brunet Sandra, Bauer Johannes, De Lacy Terry and Tshering Kara. 1994 “Tourism Development in Bhutan: Tesnions between tradition and modernity”, Journal of Sustainable Tour- ism, 9(3): 245-253.

Campbell Lisa M. 1999 “Ecotourism in rural developing communities”. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3): 534-553.

Cevat,T. 2000 “Limits to community participation in the tourism development process in developing countries”, Journal of Leisure Research. 21(6): 613-633.

Damon, Thomas A. and Vaughan, Christopher. 1993 Ecotourism and WildlifeConservation in Costa Rica: Potential for a Sustainable Partnership? Heredia, CR: National University. Unpublished

Davis ,Jeffrey Sasha and Morais Duarte B. 2004 “Factions and Enclaves: Small Towns and Socially Unsustainable Tourism Development” Journal of Travel Research, 43(1): 3-10.

Fouche, Samantha, Gillian Kruskall, Courtney Sulerud. 2001 Field Exercise Determining the Relationship Between the Private Reserves in Monteverde and the SurroundingCommunities. Atenas. Costa Rica. The School for Field Studies. Unpublished.

Gray Noella. 2003 Global discourses, local views: vision of volunteer ecotourism in Gandoca, Costa Rica. Department of Geography.Thesis.Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Graduate Studies. The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario. Haukeland Jan Vidar 1984 “Sociocultural impacts of tourism in Scandinavia: Studies of three host communities” Tourism Management, Vol.Issue 3: 207 214.

Heisterkamp, Marc; Mourton, Natalie; Sedlacek, Keisha. 2001 Assessment of Land Use in Relation to Biodiversity in and Around Manuel Antonio National Park, Costa Rica. Atenas, Costa Rica: SFS-CEDS. Un- published.

Huang, Yueh-Huang; and Stewart, William P. 1996 “Rural Tourism Development: Shifting Basis Of Community Solidarity”, Journal of Travel Research, 34(4): 26-31.

Holland, Stephen M.; Crotts, John C. 1992 “A Strategic Planning Approach To Tourism Development In Rural Communities Visions”. Leisure and Business, 11(1): 14-23.

Jurowski Claudia and Brown Desmond Omotayo 2001 “A Comparison of the Views of Involved versus Noninvolved Citizens on Quality of Life and Tourism Development Issues”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 25(4): 355-370.

Kachigan, Sam K. 1991 Multivariate Statistical Analysis. A Conceptual Approach. Second Edition. New York: Radius Press.

Knight, John. 1996 “Competing Hospitalities in Japanese Rural Tourism”. Annals of Tour- ism Research, 23(1): 165-180.

Lepp, Andrew Paul. 2004 Tourism in a rural ugandan village: impacts, local meaning and implications for development. A dissertation presented to the graduate school of the University of Florida. Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism. In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Gainesville.

Lindberg, Kreg and Jeremy Enriquez. 1994 An Analysis of Ecotourism's Eco- nomic Contribution to Conservation and Development in Belize. World Washington, D.C.: Wildlife Fund, 2 volumes.

Mason, Peter, and Cheyne, Joanne 2000 “Residents' Attitudes to Proposed Tourism Development”, Annals of Tourism Research, 27(2): 391-411

McKercher Bob 1993 “The unrecognized threat to tourism Can tourism survive ‘sustainability’?” Tourism Management, 14(2): 131-136 .

Murphy Peter E. 1983 “Tourism as a community industry—an ecological model of tourism development”. Tourism Management, 4(3): 180-193.

Nelson, Sherre. P. 2000 The inter-relationships between nature base tourism in a community and nearby lodges in the brazilian amazon. Santo Domingo Republica Dominicana: Fundacion Taiguey.

Place, Susan E. 1991 “Nature Tourism And Rural Development In Tortuguero”, Annals of Tourism Research, 18(2): 186-201.

Ritchie J. R. B 1998 “Consensus policy formulation in tourism measuring resident views via survey research” Tourism Management, 9(3): 199-212.

Stem Caroline J, Lassoie, James P. Lee David R. and Deshler David J 200# “How ‘Eco’ is Ecotourism? A Comparative Case Study of Ecotourism in Costa Rica”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(4): 322-326.

Schuett, Michael A. 1993 “Amish Perceptions Of Tourism In An Illinois Amish Community”. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 1(3): 63-78.

Smith, Michael D., and Krannich, Richard S. 1998 “Tourism Dependence And Resident Attitudes, Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4): 783-802.

Schellas J, Sherman T, Fahey E and Lassoie J P 2002 “Linking Community and national parks development; A case study from the Dominican Republic”. Natural Re- source Forum, 26: 140-151.

Wall, Geoffrey. 1997 “Is Ecotourism Sustainable?”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 21: 483–491

Weaver, David B. and Lawton, Laura J. 2004 “Visitor Attitudes toward Tourism Development and Product Integration in an Australian Urban-Rural Fringe”, Journal of Travel Research, 42(3): 286-296.

Wearing, S and Parsonson, R. 1991 “Rainforest Tourism”.Tourism Management, 12(3): 236-244.

Wells, Michael and Brandon, Katrina. 1992 Parks and People: Linking Protected Area Management with Local Communities. Washington, DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

World Wildlife Fund for Nature. 2004 How effective are Protected Areas. A Preliminary Analysis of Forested Protected Areas. -The Largest Ever Global Assessment of Protected Areas Management Effectiveness. Forest Protective Areas Initiative. WWF International Gland. Switzerland.