Estacionalidad del turismo de cruceros en puertos españoles. Una aproximación multivariante

Antonio Fernández Morales; María Cruz Mayorga Toledano

doi:10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.016

Autores

Antonio Fernández Morales http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-7634
María Cruz Mayorga Toledano

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.016

Palavras-chave:

turismo de cruzeiro, sazonalidade, análisis multivariada, índice de Gini, Análise de clusters

Resumo

O objectivo deste documento é propor uma abordagem metodológica para a análise da sazonalidade do turismo de cruzeiro. Por meio de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, fator principal e análise de clusters, obtém-se uma classificação dos portos de destino, baseada na distribuição mensal dos passageiros de cruzeiros. Além disso, o índice de Gini é obtido como uma única medida anual da concentração sazonal em cada destino. A aplicação da metodologia proposta aos portos espanhóis, com dados mensais abrangendo os últimos cinco anos, revela que existem alguns grupos homogêneos de portos com padrões sazonais estáveis e similares, enquanto alguns outros portos apresentam perfis sazonais menos estáveis e heterogêneos.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Andriotis, A. y Agiomirgianakis, G. 2010 “Cruise Visitors’ Experience in a Mediterranean Port of Call”. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12: 390-404.

Bardolet, E. y Sheldon, P.J. 2008 “Tourism in Archipielagos: Hawai’i and the Balearics”. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(4): 900-923.

Brida, J.G., Bukstein, D. y Tealde, E. 2015 “Exploring cruise ship passsenger spending patterns in two Uruguayan ports of call”. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(7): 684-700.

Brida, J.G., y Risso, W.A. 2010 “Cruise passengers expenditure analysis and probability of repeat visit to Costa Rica: A cross- -section data analysis”. Tourism Analysis, 15(4): 425-434.

Charlier, J.J. y McCalla, R.J. 2006 “A Geographical Overview of the World Cruise Market and its Seasonal Complementarities”. En Dowling, R.K. (Ed.) Cruise Ship Tourism (pp. 18-30) Wallingford, Reino Unido: CABI.

Chase, G.L. y McKee, D.L. 2003 “The economic impact of Cruise tourism on Jamaica”. Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(2): 16-22.

Cisneros-Martínez, J.D. y Fernández-Morales, A. 2015a “Cultural tourism as tourist segment for reducing seasonality in a coastal area: the case study of Andalusia”. Current Issues in Tourism, 18 (8): 765-784.

Cisneros-Martínez, J.D. y Fernández-Morales, A. 2015b “Understanding the seasonal concentration of tourist arrivals: The case of the South of Spain”. En Artal-Tur, A. y Kozak, M. (Eds.), Destination Competitiveness, the Environment and Sustainability: Challenges and Cases (pp. 131-143). Wallingford, UK: CABI.

Cuccia, T., y Rizzo, I. 2011 “Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical evidence from Sicily”. Tourism Management, 32(3): 589-595.

De Cantis, S., Ferrante, M. y Vaccina, F. 2011 “Seasonal pattern and amplitude – a logical framework to analyse seasonality in tourism: an application to bed occupancy in Sicilian hotels”. Tourism Economics, 17 (3): 655-675.

De Cantis, Ferrante, M., Kahani, A., Shoval, N. 2016 “Cruise passenger’s behavior at the destination: Investigation using GPS technology”. Tourism Management, 52: 133-150.

Douglas, N. y Douglas, N. 2004 “Cruise ship passenger spending patterns in Pacific Island ports”. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6: 251-261.

Dowling, R.K. 2006 “The Cruising Industry”. En Dowling, R.K. (Ed.) Cruise Ship Tourism (pp. 3-17). Wallingford, Reino Unido: CABI.

Duro, J.A. 2016 “Seasonality of hotel demand in the main Spanish provinces: Measurements and decomposition exercises”. Tourism Management 52: 52-63.

Dwyer, L., Douglas, N., y Livaic, Z. 2004 “Estimating the economic contribution of a cruise ship visit”. Tourism in Marine Environments, 1(1): 5-16.

Dwyer, L. y Forsyth, P. 1996 “Economic impacts of cruise tourism in Australia”. Journal of Tourism Studies, 7(2): 36-43.

Dwyer, L. y Forsyth, P. 1998 “Economic significance of cruise tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(2): 393-415.

Esteve Pérez, J.A. 2014 El tráfico de cruceros en el Mediterráneo español y los agentes terrestres y marítimos relevantes para los itinerarios. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena.

Fernández-Morales, A. 2014 “Simulating seasonal concentration in tourism series”. Journal of Hospitality, Leiusure, Sport & Tourism Education, 15: 116-123.

Fernández-Morales, A., Martín-Carrasco, Y. 2014 “Concentración e impacto estacional del turismo de cruceros en Málaga”. Revista de Estudios Regionales, 101: 43-70.

Fernández-Morales, A., Mayorga-Toledano, M.C. 2008 “Seasonal concentration of the hotel demand in Costa del Sol: A decomposition by nationalities”. Tourism Management, 29 (5): 940-949.

Fernández-Morales, A. y Mayorga-Toledano, M.C. 2007 “The seasonality of rural tourism in Andalucía”. En Gale, T., Hill, J. y Curry, N. (Eds.) Making Space: Managing Resources for Leisure and Tourism (pp. 1-12). Eastbourne, Reino Unido: Leisure Studies Association.

Franklin, A. y Crang, M. 2001 “The trouble with tourism and travel theory”. Tourism Studies, 1(1): 5-22.

Gibson, P. y Bentley, M. 2006 “A study of impacts: cruise tourism and the South West of England”. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(3/4): 63-77.

Gibson, P. y Papathanassis, A. 2010 “The Cruise Industry — Emerging Issues, Problems and Solutions: Review of the 2nd International Cruise Conference, Plymouth, UK, 18-20 February 2010”. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12: 405-407.

Halpern, N. 2011 “Measuring seasonal demand for Spanish airports: Implications for counter-seasonal strategies”. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 1(1): 47-54.

Johnson, D. 2002 “Environmentally sustainable cruise tourism: A reality check”. Marine Policy, 26(4): 261-270.

Koenig, N., Bischoff, E.E. 2004 “Analyzing seasonality in welsh room occupancy data”. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2): 374-392.

Lee, S. y Ramdeen, C. 2013 “Cruise ship itineraries and occupancy rates”. Tourism Management, 34: 236-237.

Lekakou, M.B., Pallis, A., y Vaggelas, G. 2009 “Which homeport in Europe: The cruise industry’s selection criteria”. TOURISMOS: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 4(4): 215-240.

López Bonilla, J.M. y López Bonilla, L.M. 2006 “La concentración estacional en las regiones españolas desde una perspectiva de la oferta turística”. Revista de Estudios Regionales, 77: 77-104.

Lukovic, T. 2011 “Seasonality: A factor of crisis or development in cruise tourism?”. En Gibson, P., Papathanassis, A. y Milde, P. (Eds.) Cruise Sector Challenges. Making Progress in an Uncertain World (pp. 25-37). Heidelberg: Gabler.

Marusic, Z., Sever, I. e Ivandic, N. 2012 “Mediterranean Cruise Itineraries and the Position of Dubrovnik”. En Papathanassis, A., Lukovic, T. y Vogel, M. (Eds.) Cruise Tourism and Society (pp. 3-16), Heidelberg: Springer.

Morrison, A.M., Yang, C.H., O’Leary, J.T., y Nadkarni, N. 2003 “Comparative profiles of travellers on cruises and land-based resort vacations”. Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1): 99-111.

Papathanassis, A. y Beckmann, I. 2011 “Assessing the ‘Poverty of Cruise Theory’ Hypothesis”. Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (1): 153-174.

Pranic, A., Marusic, Z. y Sever, I. 2013 “Cruise passengers’ experiences in coastal destinations - Floating ‘B&Bs’ vs. floating ‘resorts’: A case of Croatia”. Ocean and Coastal Management, 84: 1-12.

Rodrigue, J.P., Notteboom, T. 2013 “The Geography of cruises: Itineraries, not destinations”. Applied Geography, 38: 31-42.

Roselló Nadal, J. Riera Font, A. y Sansó Roselló, A. 2004 “The economic determinants of seasonal patterns”. Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (3): 697-711.

Seidl, A., Giuliano, F. y Pratt, L. 2007 “Cruising for colones: cruise tourism economics in Costa Rica”. Tourism Economics, 13 (1): 67-85.

Tsitouras, A. 2004 “Adjusted Gini coefficient and ‘months equivalent’ degree of tourism seasonality: A research note”. Tourism Economics, 10(1): 95-100.

Weaver, A. 2005 “The McDonaldization Thesis and Cruise Tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2): 346-366.

Weaver, A. 2006 “The Disneyization of Cruise Travel”. En Dowling, R.K. (Ed.) Cruise Ship Tourism (pp. 389-396), Wallingford, Reino Unido: CABI.

Wilkinson, P. 1999 “Caribbean cruise tourism: Delusion or illusion?”. Tourism Geographies, 3: 261-282