Image, loyalty and tourism promotion. A structural equation modeling analysis

Authors

  • Antonio Alvarez-Sousa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.044

Keywords:

Tourist image, tourist loyalty, structural equations modeling (SEM), buzz marketing, viral marketing, films and tourism, the Way of St. James, Customer Relationship Management

Abstract

The aim of this research is to analyze the way in which tourist image influences loyalty and the tourism promotion of a specific destination or product. Our work is based on the theories of tourist motivation, cognitive and emotional image and how they shape the general image that impacts on the pursuing loyalty and promotion tourists may make through the various organic communication channels. Furthermore, we address the crucial role played by this type of communication in the promotion of a destination or tourism product. In order to do so, we use a structural equation methodology applied to the data obtained from a survey carried out on pilgrims following the Pilgrims’ Way to Santiago. The results show that the overall image, motivations and origin influence attitudes to destination loyalty as well as the intention to convince friends and relatives, participate in blogs and websites and even write a book.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Allen, K. 2008. Viral marketing 100 success secrets: secret strategies, buzz marketing and interactive marketing tips and tricks -100 simple online campaign principles. Brisbane: Emereo.

Allport, G. W. and Postman, L. 1946. “An analysis of rumor”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 10(4): 501-517.

Alvarez Sousa, A. 1994. El ocio turístico en las sociedades industriales avanzadas. Barcelona: Bosch

Alvarez Sousa, A. (dir.) 1999. Homo peregriunos. Vigo: Xerais

Anderson, E.W. and Sullivan, M.W. 1993. “The Antecedents and Consequences of Customer Satisfaction for Firms”. Marketing Science, 12(2): 125-143.

Andrade Suárez, M. 2009. La imagen del destino turístico. Imagen percibida del turismo rural en Galicia. Tesis doctoral dirigida por el Dr. Antonio Alvarez Sousa, Universidade da Coruña 2010. “Modelo para la identificación de la imagen del turismo rural: técnica estructurada y no estructurada”. Revista de Análisis Turístico, 9: 74-93

Baloglu, S. and McCleary, K. W. 1999. “A model of destination image formation”, Annals of Tourism Research, 26 (4): 868-897.

Beerli, A. y Martín, J. 2002. “El proceso de formación de la imagen de los destinos turísticos: una revisión teórica”. Estudios Turísticos, 154: 5-32.

Berger, P. y Luckmann, T. 1986. La construcción social de la realidad. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu.

Berinsky, A. J. 2012. Rumor, truths and reality: a study of political misinformation. Boston: MA

Bordia, P. 1996. “Studying verbal interaction on the internet: The case of rumor transmission research”. Behavior Research Methods, 28(2): 148-151.

Busby, G. and Klug, J. 2001. “Movie-Induced Tourism: The Challenge of Measurement and other Issues”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7, pp. 316-332.

Castells, M. 2009. Comunicación y poder. Madrid: Alianza

Coelho, P. 1987. El Peregrino de Compostela. Madrid: Planeta.

Deleuze, G. 1969. Logique du sens. Paris: Minuit

Díaz-Rodríguez, P.; Santana-Talavera, A. and Rodríguez-Darias, A.J. 2013. “Destination image, image at destination. Methodological aspects”. Pasos, 11(3): 83-95.

Duboir, D.; Rucker, D. D. and Tormala, Z.L. 2011. “From rumors to facts, and facts to rumors: The role of certainty decay in consumer communications”. Journal of Marketing Research, 48(6): 1020-1032.

Gartner, W.C. 1994. “Image Formation Process”. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2(2-3): 191-215.

Gicquel, Y. 2006. Le buzz marketing. Chambéry: Le genie des glaciers.

Grihault, N. 2003. “Film Tourism: The Global Picture”. Travel & Tourism Analyst, 5: 1-22.

Gunn, C. 1972. Vacationscape. Designing Tourist Regions. Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis. University of Texas.

Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. y Black, W.C. 1999. Análisis Multivariante. Madrid: Prentice Hall. 5ª Edición

Hernández-Lobato, L.; Solis-Rodilla, M.M.; Moliner-Tena, M.A. and Sánchez-García, J. 2006 “Tourism Destination Image, Satisfaction and Loyalty: a Study in Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo, México”. Tourism Geographies, 8(4): 343-358.

Hernández Ramírez, J. 2004. “Turismo inducido. La configuración de la imagen turística de Sevilla a través del cine comercial”, I Congreso Internacional Patrimonio, Desarrollo Rural y Turismo en el Siglo XXI. Osuna

Hu, L. and Bentler, P. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fir Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives”. Structural Equation Modeling, 6 (1): 1-55.

Hudson, S. and Brent Ritchie, J.R. 2006a. “Promoting Destinations Via Film Tourism: An Empirical Identification of Supporting Marketing Initiatives”. Journal of Travel Research, 44: 387-396. 2006b. “Film Tourism and Destination Marketing: The Case of Captain Corelli’s Mandolin”. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12: 256-268.

Hyounggon, K. and Richardson, S.L. 2003. “Motion Picture Impacts on Destination Images”. Annals of Tourism Research, 30 (1): 216-237

Kelly, L. 2007 Beyond buzz: the next generation of word-of-mouth marketing. New York: AMACOM.

Kramer, F.M. 1999. “Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions”. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 50: 569-98

Labarbera, P.A. y Mazrusky, D. 1983. “A Longitudinal Assessment of Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction: The Dynamic Aspect of the Cognitive Process”. Journal of Marketing Research, 20: 393-404.

Luhmann, N. 2007a. La sociedad de la sociedad. México: Universidad Iberoamericana. 2007b. La realidad de los medios de masas. México: Universidad Iberoamericana.

Manhas, P. S. 2010. “Strategic Brand Positioning Analysis trhough Comparison of cognitive an Conative Perceptions”. J. econo. Finance adm. Sc., 15(29): 15-33.

Martínez Quintana, V. 2011. Turismo y ocio en las sociedades. Dinamismo, desarrollo turístico y riesgos. Madrid: UNED, Ediciones Académicas.

Medina, C.; Rey, M. and Rufín, R. 2010. “Imagen de los destinos turísticos urbanos y lealtad del turista. ¿Actitudes o comportamiento?”. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 10: 279-298.

Mourkoukoutas, P. and Siomlos, G.J. 2009. The Seven Principles of WOM and Buzz Marketing: Crossing the Tipping Point. New York: Springer.

Novo, G., Osorio, M., Torres, J. y Esquivel, E. 2012. “Imagen turística y medios de comunicación. Una construcción social”. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo. 21: 1409-1432.

Oliver, R.L. 1980. “A Cognitive Model of the Antecedents and Consequences of satisfaction Decisions”. Journal of Marketing Research, 17: 460-469.

Pearce, P.L. 1982. “Perceived changes in holiday destinations”. Annals of Tourism Research, 9: 145-164.

Peppers, D. and Rogers, M. 2011. Managing Costumer Relationships: A Strategic Framework. NJ: Wiley.

Pike, S. and Ryan, C. 2004. “Destination positioning analysis through a comparison of cognitive, affective, and conative perceptions”. Journal of Travel Research, 42: 333-42.

Riley, R., Baker, D. and Van Doren, C.S. 1998. “Movie Induced Tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research, 25 (4): 919-935.

Rittichainwat, B. and Rattanaphinanchai, S. 2015. “Appling an mixed method of quantitative and qualitative design in explaining the travel motivation of film tourists in visiting a film-shooting destination”. Tourism Management, 46: 136-147.

Rodríguez Campo, M.L. y Fraiz, J. A. 2010. “Consideraciones estratégicas para la promoción del turismo en Galicia a través del cine”. Revista Galega de Economía, 19(2): 1-11

Rubio Tovar, J. 1986. Libros españoles de viajes medievales: selección. Madrid: Taurus.

Rufín, R.; Medina, C.; Sierra, G. y Rey, M. 2010. “La medida de la imagen de los destinos turísticos y sus consecuencias”. Estadística Española, 52(173): 31-65.

San Martín, H. 2005. Estudio de la imagen de destino turístico y el proceso global de satisfacción: adopción de un enfoque integrador. Tesis doctoral dirigida por el Dr. Ignacio A. Rodríguez del Bosque Rodríguez. Available http://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/10588/HSMtesis.pdf?sequence=1

Santana, A. 1997. Antropología y turismo. ¿Nuevas hordas, viejas culturas?. Barcelona: Ariel. 2009. Antropología do turismo. Analogias,encontros e relaçoes. Sao Paulo: Aleph.

Sernovitz, A. 2013. Buzz marketing. Madrid: Anaya Multimedia

Serrano, M. 1993. Las Guías urbanas y los libros de viaje en la España del siglo XIX. Repertorio bibliográfico y análisis de su estructura y contenido: viajes de papel. Barcelona: Universidad de Barcelona.

Sigala, M. 2005. “Integrating customer relationship management in hotel operations: managerial and operational implications”. International Journal of Hospitality Management 24(3): 391-413.

Stambouli, K. et Briones, É. 2002. Buzz marketing: les stratégies du bouche-à-oreille. Paris: Éditions d’Organisation.

Stern, E. and Krakover, S. 1993. “The formation of a composite urban image”. Geographical Analysis, 25(2): 130-146.

Torres Luque, P. 2014. Percepción de Galicia como destino turístico en el mercado brasileño. TFM dirigido por Antonio Alvarez Sousa, Universidade da Coruña.

Published

2015-02-17

How to Cite

Alvarez-Sousa, A. (2015). Image, loyalty and tourism promotion. A structural equation modeling analysis. PASOS Revista De Turismo Y Patrimonio Cultural, 13(3), 629–648. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.044

Issue

Section

Articles

Publication Facts

Metric
This article
Other articles
Peer reviewers 
0
2.4

Reviewer profiles  N/A

Author statements

Author statements
This article
Other articles
Data availability 
N/A
16%
External funding 
N/A
32%
Competing interests 
N/A
11%
Metric
This journal
Other journals
Articles accepted: 18% 
33%
Days to publication 
37
145

Indexed in

Editor & editorial board
profiles
Publisher 
Instituto Universitario de Investigación Social y Turismo. Universidad de La Laguna (España) - Instituto Universitario da Maia ISMAI (Portugal)