Festivales de luz en Portugal: noche, turismo y cultura.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2026.24.009Palabras clave:
Festivales de luces, Desarrollo municipal, Eventificación, Políticas públicas, PortugalResumen
Los festivales de luces se han convertido en instrumentos clave para el desarrollo urbano, cultural y económico, especialmente a nivel municipal. Este artículo explora la evolución de los festivales de luces en Portugal a través de una investigación etnográfica realizada entre 2015 y 2023, centrándose en los festivales de Lisboa, Cascais, Lousada, Loulé y Aveiro. El estudio examina su papel en la regeneración urbana, el turismo y la formación de la identidad cultural. Mediante la observación participante, entrevistas e investigación de archivos digitales, la investigación identifica las fases clave en el crecimiento de estos festivales y contextualiza su impacto local. Los resultados destacan cómo estos eventos contribuyen a las economías locales, fomentan la participación de la comunidad e influyen en la imagen de marca de la ciudad. El debate aborda los retos de la sostenibilidad, la mercantilización y la instrumentalización política de los festivales de luces como herramientas para la transformación urbana.
Descargas
Datos de publicación
Perfil evaluadores/as N/D
Declaraciones de autoría
- Sociedad académica
- PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural
- Editorial
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Social y Turismo. Universidad de La Laguna (España) - Instituto Universitario da Maia ISMAI (Portugal)
Citas
Adongo, R., Kim, S., & Elliot, S. (2019). “Give and take”: A social exchange perspective on festival stakeholder relations. Annals of Tourism Research, 75, 42-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.12.005
aicep Portugal Global (2014). Portuguese town Cascais lights up. Retrieved 16/09 from http://www.pt.cision.com/s/?l=1c1a099c
Alves, T. (2007). Art, Light and Landscape New Agendas for Urban Development. European Planning Studies, 15(9), 1247-1260. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310701529243
Beanland, C. (2014, 02/09). Europe's top 10 light art festivals [17 Jun 2019]. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2014/sep/02/-sp-europe-top-10-light-art-shows
Bollo, A., Milano, C. d., Gariboldi, A., & Torch, C. (2017). Rules for Audience Development: Key recommendations.
Bonet, L., & Négrier, E. (2018). The participative turn in cultural policy: Paradigms, models, contexts. Poetics, 66, 64-73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2018.02.006
Bryman, A. (1999). The Disneyfication of Society. The Sociological Review, 47(1), 25-47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.00161
Caeiro, M., & Cabau, P. (2015). Corisco e Resplendor: Notas sobre uma produção relâmpago – Óbidos Luz. Palavrão - Associação Cultural.
Caeiro, M. J. (2002). Lisboa capital do nada. Extra Muros.
Camara Municipal de Aveiro. (2020). Prisma, Light Art Tech. Camara Municipal de Aveiro,. Retrieved 1/01 from https://prisma.aveiro.pt/
Chevtchouk, Y., Veloutsou, C., & Paton, R. A. (2021). The experience – economy revisited: an interdisciplinary perspective and research agenda. Journal of Product & Brand Management, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2019-2406
Cohen, E. (1988). Authenticity and commoditization in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 15(3), 371-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(88)90028-x
Cudny, W. (2019). Urban Events, Place Branding and Promotion Place Event Marketing.
Dinnie, K. (2011). City Branding Theory and Cases. Palgrave Macmillan.
Edensor, T. (2012). Illuminated Atmospheres: Anticipating and Reproducing the Flow of Affective Experience in Blackpool. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 30(6), 1103-1122. https://doi.org/10.1068/d12211
Edensor, T. (2015a). Light Art, Perception, and Sensation. The Senses and Society, 10(2), 138-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/17458927.2015.1042228
Edensor, T. (2015b). Light design and atmosphere. Visual Communication, 14(3), 331-350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357215579975
Edensor, T. (2017). Light, City, Action…. In J. Hannigan & G. Richards (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies (pp. 217-231). SAGE.
European, C., Directorate-General for Education, Y. S., & Culture. (2023). The status and working conditions of artists and cultural and creative professionals – Report of the OMC (Open Method of Coordination) group of EU Member States' experts – Final report.
Evans, G. (2017). Creative Cities – An International Perspective. In J. Hannigan & G. Richards (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies (pp. 311-329). SAGE.
Evrard, Y. (1997). Democratizing Culture or Cultural Democracy? The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society, 27(3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/10632929709596961
Florida, R. L. (2012). The rise of the creative class : and how it's transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life (2 ed.). Basic Books.
Garcez, A., Correia, R., & Carvalho, A. (2023). Digital Nomads: Who They Are and What They Want from the Destinations? In J. L. Reis, M. Del Rio Araujo, L. P. Reis, & J. P. M. dos Santos, Marketing and Smart Technologies Singapore.
Garcia-Ruiz, M. (2019a). Festivales de luz y eventos de luz en Portugal. Entre cultura y promoción turística del territorio. Forum Sociologico, 35, 41-50. https://journals.openedition.org/sociologico/8810
Garcia-Ruiz, M. (2019b). Reflexões sobre os Festivais de Luz em Portugal. Plataforma Barómetro Social, 2019(2 August 2019). http://www.barometro.com.pt/2019/08/02/reflexoes-sobre-os-festivais-de-luz-em-portugal/
Garcia-Ruiz, M. (2023). Festivales de Luz, entre cultura y turismo. Una etnografía en dos festivales de luz portugueses [Ph.D., Instituto Universitário de Lisboa]. Lisboa.
Garcia-Ruiz, M. (2024). Neon and Nostalgia. Mi-e Dor De Tine and the creation of (trans)national emotional narratives. Philosophy of the City Journal, 2.
Garcia-Ruiz, M., Sánchez-Fuarros, I., Martins, J. C., Pires, C. V., & Nofre, J. (2021). Governing ‘the Night’ in Post-COVID-19 Lisbon. Challenges, Opportunities, and Uncertainties. In P. Filion, B. Doucet, & R. Van Melik (Eds.), Volume 4: Policy and Planning (1 ed., pp. 47-58). Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1t4m1p7.11
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2013. International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies, § 68.221 (2013). https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N13/452/71/PDF/N1345271.pdf
Getman, N. (2021). Developing a digital nomads destination from the ground up [M.Sc., Institut]. Lisbon. https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/26267/1/master_natalya_getman.pdf
Giordano, E. (2017). Outdoor lighting design as a tool for tourist development: the case of Valladolid. European Planning Studies, 26(1), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1368457
Giordano, E., & Crozat, D. (2017). Expérience visuelle et performance de la mise en lumière du patrimoine : aller au-delà de la séduction. Annales de Géographie, 714, 195-215.
Giordano, E., & Ong, C.-E. (2017). Light festivals, policy mobilities and urban tourism. Tourism Geographies, 19(5), 699-716. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1300936
Gomes, D. (2022). Web archives as research infrastructure for digital societies: the case study of Arquivo.pt. Archeion, 123, 46-85. https://doi.org/10.4467/26581264arc.22.012.16665
Gomes, D., Demidova, E., Winters, J., & Risse, T. (2021). The Past Web: Exploring Web Archives. Springer International Publishing.
Greenwood, D. J. (2004). Culture by the Pound: An Anthropological Perspective on Tourism as Cultural Commoditization. In S. Bohn Gmelch (Ed.), Tourits and Tourism: A Reader (pp. 157-169). Waveland Press Inc.
Hadley, S. (2021). Audience Development and Cultural Policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62970-0
Heinich, N., & Shapiro, R. (2012). De l’Artification. Enquête sur le passage à l’art. Editions EHESS.
Hine, C. (2001). Virtual Ethnography. Sage.
Hine, C. (2015). Ethnography for the Internet embedded, embodied and everyday. Bloomsbury Academic.
Homans, G. C. (1958). Social Behavior as Exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63(6), 597-606. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2772990
Jelincić, D. A. (2009). Splintering of tourism market: new appearing forms of cultural tourism as a consequence of changes in everyday lives. Coll Antropol, 33(1), 259-266.
Jiwa, S., Andres Coca‐Stefaniak, J., Blackwell, M., & Rahman, T. (2009). Light Night: an “enlightening” place marketing experience. Journal of Place Management and Development, 2(2), 154-166. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538330910975883
Kavaratzis, M. (2004). From city marketing to city branding: Towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands. Place Branding, 1(1), 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990005
Kozinets, R. V. (2018). The Field behind the Screen: Using Netnography for Marketing Research in Online Communities. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(1), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.39.1.61.18935
Lamond, I. R., & Spracklen, K. (2015). Protests as Events: Politics, Activism and Leisure. Rowman & Littlefield International.
Landry, C. (2000). The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. Earthscan Publications.
Lawler, E. J., & Thye, S. R. (1999). Bringing Emotions into Social Exchange Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 217-244. http://www.jstor.org/stable/223504
Monchique, E. (2004, 21/06). LuzBoa 2004: as cores de uma bienal. Publico. https://www.publico.pt/2004/06/21/culturaipsilon/noticia/luzboa-2004-as-cores-de-uma-bienal-1197142
Moury, C., & Freire, A. (2013). Austerity Policies and Politics: The Case of Portugal. Pôle Sud, n° 39(2), 35-56. https://doi.org/10.3917/psud.039.0035
Négrier, E. (2023). Cultural policies and urban transitions green politics, democracy in the time of the pandemic. City, Territory and Architecture, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40410-022-00183-0
Nofre, J., & Martins, J. C. (2017). The disneyfication of the neoliberal urban night. Keep it Simple, Make it Fast! , Porto.
Nofre, J., Martins, J. C., Vaz, D., Fina, R., Sequera, J., & Vale, P. (2018). The ‘Pink Street’ in Cais do Sodré: urban change and liminal governance in a nightlife district of Lisbon. Urban Research & Practice, 12(4), 322-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2018.1449010
Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (2011). The experience economy. Harvard Business Review Press.
Ponzini, D., & Rossi, U. (2010). Becoming a Creative City: The Entrepreneurial Mayor, Network Politics and the Promise of an Urban Renaissance. Urban Studies, 47(5), 1037-1057. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098009353073
Pratt, A. C. (2016). Creative cities: the cultural industries and the creative class. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 90(2), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0467.2008.00281.x
Richards, G. (2007). Culture and Authenticity in a Traditional Event: The Views of Producers, Residents, and Visitors. Event Management, 11(1-2), 33-444. https://doi.org/10.3727/152599508783943228
Richards, G., & Wilson, J. (2006). Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture? Tourism Management, 27(6), 1209-1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.002
Rius Ulldemolins, J. (2014). Culture and authenticity in urban regeneration processes: Place branding in central Barcelona. Urban Studies, 51(14), 3026-3045. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013515762
Roda Fernandes, S. (2006). Projecto Urbano Luzboa. In M. Caeiro, S. Roda Fernandes, & T. Alves (Eds.), Luzboa. Lisboa Inventada pela Luz (pp. 41-49). Extramuros-Associação Cultural para a Cidade.
Roda Fernandes, S. (2011). Construção e reabilitação dos espaços públicos através da arte contemporânea – os contributos da Extra]Muros[ - Associação Cultural para a Cidade, na programação cultural e social do espaço público entre 2001 e 2007 [Ph.D., Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Sevilla]. Sevilla.
Shapiro, R. (2004). Qu’est-ce que l’artification? XVII Congrès de l’AISLF, Tours. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00010486v2
Silva, A. S., Babo, E. P., & Guerra, P. (2013). Cultural policies and local development: The Portuguese Case. Portuguese Journal of Social Science, 12(2), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1386/pjss.12.2.113_1
Smith, T. (2011). Currents of world-making in contemporary art. World Art, 1(2), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/21500894.2011.602712
Sobrino, J. (2016). Entre mitos y realidades: ciudades mexicanas que concentran clase creativa. Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, 31(2 (92)), 501-522. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24890670
Thomasson, S. (2015). Producing the Festival City: Place Myths and the Festivals of Adelaide and Edinburgh [PhD, Queen Mary University of London]. London. https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9868
Turner, E. (2012). Communitas: The Anthropology of Collective Joy. Palgrave Macmillan US.
Urry, J., & Larsen, J. (2011). The Tourist Gaze 3.0 (3 ed.). Sage.
Zherdev, N. (2014). Festivalization as a Creative City Strategy. IN3 Working Paper Series. https://doi.org/10.7238/in3wps.v0i0.2151
Zukin, S. (1991). Landscapes of Power From Detroit to Disney World University of California Press.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Manuel Garcia-Ruiz

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Confirmo que el trabajo es original (de mi/nuestra autoría), y que no se someterá a otras revistas o publicaciones hasta la resolución definitiva del proceso de revisión en PASOS, RTPC.
Autorizo la publicación de mi trabajo por PASOS, RTPC de acceso abierto y gratuito en cualquiera de los formatos que estime oportunos, por un plazo indeterminado y a título de colaboración no remunerada.
Asimismo, el/los autor/es entiende/n que el trabajo publicado podrá vincularse o depositarse en cualquier servidor o ser incluido en otras publicaciones (republicación), siempre y cuando el nuevo lugar y/o la nueva edición referencie la publicación original y reconozca la autoría y la propiedad del copyright de las publicaciones de PASOS RTPC.
Los/as autores/as entienden que se realizará una comprobación de plagio-autoplagio, pudiendo retirarse el artículo en cualquier momento del flujo editorial


