The sense, landscape and image. How the tourist destination is replicated in postmodernist times
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2013.11.038Keywords:
tourist destination, organic image, visual image, safety, visual pollutionAbstract
Policy makers, practitioners and analysts have focused on the psychology to induce consumers to new products. These new eyecatching packaging products in tourism and hospitality industries and beyond are commercialized to thousands of home thanks to the media. We are living in times, digital times where organic image plays a pivotal role in arousing emotions and experiences, although these
experiences were not authentic. Following this discussion, initialized some time ago by D. Maccannell and other sociologists, the present paper explores the philosophical roots of image to expand the current understanding about our ocular-centrism. At time, tourists select a destination, they are moved by “the wish of majority”, but once destination is maturated, its attractiveness declines. What seems to be interesting to discuss here is the connection between perceived safety (risk) and attraction (organic image). Following I. Kant’s contributions, we present a conceptual model to understand how the lemma of safety leads onsumers to visual pollution.
Downloads
References
Ambrosie, L. 2010 “Tourism Enterprises and Sustainable Development: international perspectives on responses to the sustainability agenda”. Tourism Management. 31(6): 961-962
Andriotis, K. and Mavric, M. 2013 “Postcards Mobility: going beyond image and text”. Annals of Tourism Research. 40(1): 18-39
Araujo Perazzolo, Capellano Dos Santos, M. & Pereira, S. 2013 “O Acolhimiento – ou hospitalidade turística – como interface possível entre o universal e o local no contexto da mundalizacao”. Pasos Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural. 11(1): 45-55
Aries, P. 2011 El Hombre ante la muerte. Buenos Aires: Taurus.
Baker, W. 1998 Down the Tube. New York: Basic Books Baloglu, S. McClearly, K. w.
Baker, W. 1999 “A Model of Destination Image”. Annals of Tourism Research. 26(4): 868-897.
Baudrillard, J. 1998 Simulacra & Simulation. (The body in theory: histories of cultural Materialism. J. Baudrillard edited by Mark Poster. California: Stanford University Press. pp. 166-184
Baudrillard, J. 2002 Cool Memories IV. New York: Verso.
Belting, H. 2007 Antropología de la Image. Buenos Aires: Katz.
Blumenberg, H. 1993 “Light as a metaphor of truth”. Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision. D.M Levin. California: University of California Press, pp. 31-62
Bourdieu, P. 2003 Un Arte Medio. Ensayo sobre los usos sociales de la fotografía. Barcelona: Gustavo Gilli.
Budd, M. Craig, S. & Stinman C. 1999 Consuming Enviroments. Television and Commercial Culture.
New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
Carman, J. M. 1990 “Consumer perception of service quality: an assessment of SERVQUAL dimension”. Journal of Retailing. 66: 33-35.
Capacci, A. 2003 A modo de introducción: la difícil relación entre turismo y medio ambiente. Genova: Ed. Brigati.
Castrogiovanni, C. A. 2007 “Lugar, no-lugar y entre-lugar: los ángulos del espacio turístico”. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo. 16(1): 5-25.
Celma Rovira, A. y DuBois, Bernard. 1999 Comportamiento del Consumidor. Madrid: Editorial Prentice-Hall.
Cordero Ulate. A. 2006 Nuevos Ejes de Acumulación y Naturaleza. El caso del turismo. Buenos Aires: CLACSO.
Crompton, J. 1979 “Motivation for pleasure vacations”. Annals of Tourism Research. 6(4): 408-424.
Dinica, V. 2009 “Governance for sustainable Tourism: a comparison of international and Dutch visions”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 17(5): 583-603.
Eyenga, I. I et al. 2009 “Photodegeneration, a solution for the shopping bad visual pollution problems?”. Macromolecular Simposia. 178(1): 139-152
Farrell, B. and Runyan, D. 1991 “Ecology and tourism”. Annals of tourism Research. 18(1): 26-40
Fernandez Fuster, L. 1985 Introducción a la Teoría y técnica del turismo. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Flad, H. 1997 “Country Clutter. Visual Pollution and the rural Roadscape”. Annals of American Academy of Political Social Science. 553.
Fornell, C. 1992 “A National Customer satisfaction barometer. The Swedish experience”. Journal of Marketing. 56: 6-21
Gazerra, A. y Lombardo, L. 2007 “Calidad percibida en empresas de transporte Aéreo”. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo. 16(3): 361-372
George, B, Inbakaran, R. y Poyyamoli, G. 2010 “To Travel or Not to travel: towards understanding the theory of nativistic motivation”. Tourism, an international interdisciplinary Journal. 58(4): 395-407.
Hall, Edward. 1958 The Silent Lenguage. New York: Doubleday.
Jafari, J. 2005 “The Scientifization of Tourism”. In Valene Smith and Maryann Brent (eds). Host and Guest revisited: tourism issues of the 21th century. New York: Cognizant Communications. 28-41
Jollife, L. 2005 “Tourism and Development in Tropical Islands: political ecology Perspectives”. Annals of tourism Research. 32(1): 284-286.
Kant, I. 2004 The Critique of Pure Reason. Buenos Aires: Libertador.
Kant, I 2007 On the beautiful and the sublime. Buenos Aires: Libertador.
Khatchikian, M. 2000 Historia del Turismo. Lima: Universidad San Martín de Porres.
Kotler, P; Haider, D y Rein, J. 1994 Mercadotecnia de Localidades. México: Editorial Diana.
Korstanje, M. 2012 “Maccannell revisited. A critical approach to structuralism.” Enlightening Tourism. A pathmaking journal. 2(2): 116-142.
Korstanje, M. and Olsen, D. 2012 “The discourse of risk in horror movies post 9/11: hospitality and hostility in perspective”. International Journal of Tourism Anthropology. 1(3-4): 304-317.
Maccannell, D. 2003 The tourist, a new theory of leisure class. Barcelona: Ed. Melusina.
Maccannell, D. 2007 Empty Meeting Grounds. Barcelona: Ed. Melusina
Mansfield, C. 2008 Traversing Paris: French Travel writting practices in the late twentieth Century. Saarsbrucken, VDM Verlag.
Mansfield, C. Korstanje, M. and Busby, G. 2011 “Literary Fiction and the imaginary of urban destination”. Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice. 3(2): 20-37
Marcuse, H. 1964 One Dimensional Man. Studies in the ideology of advanced industrial societies. Boston, Beacon Press.
Marzo, Juan Carlos y otros 2002 “La satisfacción del usuario desde el modelo de la confirmación de expectativas: respuesta a algunos interrogantes”. Revista Psycothema. 14(4): 765-770. Material disponible en www.psichothema.com
Mead, G. H. 1999 Mind, Self and Society. Barcelona: Paidos.
Merleau-Ponty, M. 1964 Sense and Non-sense. Illinois: Northwestern University Press
Molina, S. and Agueda, E. 2006 “Tourism Brochures: usefulness images”. Annals of Tourism Research. 33(4): 1036-1056
Moraes Gomes de, Adriana 2007 “Análisis de las acciones promocionales de los hoteles para reducir la estacionalidad”. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo. 16(3): 303-322.
Nadeau, J. et al. 2008 “Destination in a country image context”. Annals of tourism Research. 35(1): 84-106.
Nisbett, R. y Kanousse, D. 1969 “Food deprivation and supermarket Shopping Behaviour”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 289-294.
Noelle-Neumann, E. 1995 La Espiral del Silencio: opinión pública. Nuestra piel social. Buenos Aires: Editorial Paidos
Leiper, N. 1979 “The Framework of tourism”. Annals of Tourism Research. 6(4): 390-407.
Levin, D. M. 1993 “Decline and Fall: oculacentrism in Heidegger’s reading of the history of methapysic”. Modernity and the Hegemony of Vision. D. M Levin. California: University of California Press, pp. 186-127.
O’Connor, N. Flanagan, S. and Gilbert, D. 2010 “The Capitalizing of film induced tourism phenomenon through stakeholder collaboration in Yorkshire, UK”. E-RTR, e review of Tourism Research. 8(1): 1-11.
Palhares, G. 2002 Transportes Turísticos. San Pablo: Aleph Editorial.
Parasuraman, A. Zaithaml, V y Berry, L. 1988 “A conceptual model of service quality and its implictions for future research”. Journal of Marketing. 49: 41-50.
Pastoriza, E. 2011 La Conquista de las Vacaciones: breve historia del turismo en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Edhasa.
Pearce, D. 2003 Geografía del Turismo: flujos y regiones en el mercado de viajes. San Pablo: Editorial Aleph.
Peters, K. 2011 “Negotiating the Place and Placement of banal tourist souvenir in the home”. Tourism Geographies. 13(2): 234-256
Quinn, B. 2009 “Problematising Festival Tourism. Arts festival and sustainable tourism in Ireland”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 14(3): 288-306.
Roberts, S. and Tribe, J. 2008 ”Sustainablity indicators for Small tourism enterprises – an exploratory perspective”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 16(5): 575-594.
Royce, J. 1983 The Spirit of Modern Philosophy. New York: Dover Publications.
Ryan, C. Huiman, G. and Chon, K. 2010 “Tourism to polluted lakes : issues for tourists and the industry, an empirical analysis of four Chinese lakes”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 18(5): 595-614.
Ryle, G. 1949 The Concept of mind. Middlesex: Penguin Books.
Sampaio-Cioce, A. C et al. 2007 “Acuerdo productivo local de base comunitaria y ecodesarrollo: análisis de tres experiencias brasileñas”. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo. 16(2): 216-233.
Spreng, R y Mckoy R. 1996 “An empirical examination of a model of perceived service of quality and satisfaction.” Journal of Retailing. 72(2): 201-215.
Swarbrooke, J. 2000 Turismo Sustentable. San Pablo, el Aleph.
Tamagni, L.; Lombardo, L; Gazerra, M. 2000 “Gestión de la calidad en empresas de servicios turísticos. Facultad de Turismo, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina.
Troncoso, C y Lois, C. 2004 “Políticas turísticas y Peronismo: Los atractivos turísticos promocionados en visión de Argentina (1950)”. Pasos: revista de turismo y patrimonio cultural. 2(2): 281-294.
Ulmer, G. 1994 Heuretics, the logic of invention. Baltimore: John Hopkins University.
Urry, J. and Larsen, J. 2012 The Tourist Gaze 3.0. London: Sage.
Virilio, P. 2007 Ciudad Pánico: el afuera comienza aquí. Buenos Aires: Libros el Zorzal
Virilio, P. 1996 El Arte del Motor: aceleración y realidad. Buenos Aires: El Manantial.
Woodside, A. and Dubelaar, C. 2002 “A general theory of tourism consumption systems. A conceptual framework and an empirical exploration”. Journal of Travel Research. 41(2): 120-132
Zuloaga, C. P. 2006 “Una Mirada al paisaje como recurso turístico”. Revista Interamericana de Paisaje y Turismo. 2(2): 76-82
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
I confirm that the work is original (of my/our authorship), and that it will not be submitted to other journals or publications until the final resolution of the review process in PASOS, RTPC.
I authorize the publication of my work by PASOS, PSTN of free and open access in any of the formats that I deem appropriate, for an indefinite period of time and as a non-remunerated collaboration.
Likewise, the author(s) understands that the published work may be linked or deposited on any server or included in other publications (republication), provided that the new place and/or new edition references the original publication and acknowledges the authorship and copyright ownership of PASOS RTPC publications.
Authors understand that a plagiarism-self-plagiarism check will be performed, and the article may be removed at any time from the editorial flow.
